. 2022 Feb 22;12:798350. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.798350

TABLE 3.

Effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis ATCC19659 on the broiler’s serum antioxidant indexes, immunoglobulin, and cytokine profile.

Items¹	Treatments²					SEM	p-value
	CON	ZnB	BS-1	BS-3	BS-5
SOD (u/mL)	104.24^c	140.34^a	103.94^c	120.64^b	138.37^a	3.440	<0.001
CAT (U/mL)	4.63^b	8.47^a	4.86^b	7.00^a	7.45^a	0.347	<0.001
MDA (nmol/mL)	9.18^a	3.10^c	8.83^a	7.97^a	5.96^b	0.408	<0.001
T-AOC (U/mL)	6.56^d	15.46^a	5.79^d	8.76^c	12.45^b	0.725	<0.001
GSH (mg/gL)	19.29^d	35.86^a	22.77^cd	28.27^bc	32.09^ab	1.434	<0.001
IgE (μg/mL)	0.016^c	0.02^a	0.017^c	0.017^c	0.02^b	0.001	<0.001
IgA (μg/mL)	0.51^d	0.71^a	0.59^c	0.62^bc	0.65^b	0.013	<0.001
IgG (μg/mL)	1.78^c	2.79^a	1.94^c	2.35^b	2.34^b	0.39	<0.001
IgM (μg/mL)	0.90^c	1.22^a	0.96^c	1.07^b	1.09^b	0.023	<0.001
C3 (mg/mL)	0.59^b	0.77^a	0.06^c	0.67^bc	0.71^ab	0.186	0.002
C4 (mg/mL)	0.14^b	0.19^a	0.16^ab	0.17^ab	0.19^a	0.006	0.007
sIgA (ng/mL)	1.49^c	2.17^a	1.75^bc	1.84^b	1.9^ab	0.056	<0.001
IL-10 (ng/L)	36.13^d	63.52^a	43.06^cd	49.72^bc	51.89^b	2.02	<0.001
IL-4 (ng/L)	159.88^a	103.41^d	142.87^b	126.08^c	115.4^cd	4.25	<0.001
IL-6 (ng/L)	29.34^a	16.57^c	23.7^b	23.11^b	19.29^c	0.923	<0.001
TNF-α (ng/L)	74.67^a	50.96^c	74.73^a	67.06^ab	59.03^bc	2.104	<0.001
TGF-β (ng/L)	134.32^c	195.92^a	144.13^c	161.29^b	167.16^b	4.44	<0.001

¹GSH, glutathione; T-AOC, total antioxidant capacity; MDA, malondialdehyde; CAT, catalase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; IgM, immunoglobulin M; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgA, immunoglobulin A; IgE, immunoglobulin E; sIgA, secretory IgA; C4, complement component 4; C3, complement component 3; IL-10, interleukin-10; IL-4, interleukin-4; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor-beta. ²CON, chicks were fed a corn-and soybean-based diet; ZnB, chicks were fed basal diet containing 500 mg ZnB/kg; BS-1, chicks were fed basal diet containing 1 × 10⁸ CFU/g feed of BS-ATCC19659; BS-3, chicks were fed basal diet containing 3 × 10⁸ CFU/g feed of BS-ATCC19659; BS-5, chicks were fed basal diet containing 5 × 10⁸ CFU/g feed of BS-ATCC19659.

^a,b,c,dValues in the same row with different letter superscripts mean significant differences (p < 0.05). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 6).