FIGURE 2.

Ribosomal synthesis, sorting, and remodeling to support local functions. As shown in the schematic, neurons have an arborized morphology. mRNA abundant. As a result, the availability of ribosomes and translation machinery in these remote locations is crucial for the abundant local mRNA translation that supports neuronal functions. Following biosynthesis, ribosomal sorting in neurons happens either via diffusion or by active transport. The active sorting, is achieved either by associating with mRNPs or by tethering to membrane-bound organelles targeted to distant locations. In addition, existing ribosomes can exchange locally synthesized surface proteins (RPs) giving rise to ribosomes with specialized functions. For example, RP mRNAs with a specific sequence motif are translated into the axons which, can then associate with the surface components of existing ribosomes. Such modifications allow ribosomes to translate a distinct set of transcripts that support local functions.