Figure 2.

Percentages of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocyte subsets are altered at the initial stages of T1D. For CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes, respectively, the percentages (%) of (A, F) naïve T lymphocytes, (B, G) CM T lymphocytes, (C, H) T_EMRA lymphocytes, (D, I) EM T lymphocytes, and (E, J) early EM T lymphocytes were determined in peripheral blood of control subjects and patients with T1D at different time-points. Squares represent controls (n = 17) (white bar), and patients are represented by light gray dots at disease onset (n = 17) (gray bar), white dots during PR (n = 11) and for remitter patients at 12 months (12 M PR) (n = 10) (blue bars), and dark gray dots for non-remitter patients at 8 months (8 M no PR) (n = 6) and 12 months (12 M no PR) (n = 6) (pink bars). Bar graphs show mean percentage values. Each symbol represents an individual patient. Lines link the same patient throughout the time-points. *P ≤ 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 after mixed effects model with Tukey’s post-hoc test for longitudinal data, Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s post-hoc test for comparisons between control subjects and the different T1D time-points, or 2-tailed Mann–Whitney test for comparisons between two unpaired groups of data. P ≤0.05 is considered significant.