Table 3.
Echocardiographic variables of control, isolated MMA, and MMA/HCY groups.
| Echocardiographic variables | Control subjects (N = 80) | Isolated MMA (N = 23) | MMA/HCY (N = 76) | P * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LV | LVIDD (mm) | 34.7 ± 4.8 | 35.1 ± 8.4 | 30.9 ± 6.0 | <0.001 |
| LVIDS (mm) | 22.2 ± 3.2 | 22.2 ± 6.0 | 19.8 ± 4.1 | <0.001 | |
| IVS (mm) | 6.4 ± 1.1 | 6.7 ± 1.8 | 6.2 ± 1.3 | 0.269 | |
| IVS/D | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 0.369 | |
| EF (%) | 69.0 ± 9.2 | 74.9 ± 4.4 | 73.6 ± 4.2 | <0.001 | |
| FS (%) | 35.9 ± 4.6 | 37.1 ± 3.9 | 35.9 ± 3.6 | 0.733 | |
| LVM (g) | 34.3 ± 13.5 | 41.7 ± 36.0 | 27.2 ± 17.9 | <0.001 | |
| LVMI (g/m2.7) | 31.7 ± 8.9 | 31.9 ± 10.4 | 29.5 ± 9.6 | 0.100 | |
| E/A ratio | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 0.002 | |
| E' (cm/s) | 16.0 ± 3.1 | 14.5 ± 2.5 | 13.1 ± 3.3 | <0.001 | |
| mVCFc (sec−1) | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.841 | |
| MPI | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.360 | |
| GLS (%) | 22.7 ± 1.8 | 20.3 ± 2.6 | 21.3 ± 1.9 | <0.001 | |
| RV | E' | 14.8 ± 3.0 | 15.9 ± 4.4 | 14.5 ± 3.5 | 0.509 |
| S' | 12.7 ± 2.2 | 14.0 ± 2.5 | 12.9 ± 1.8 | 0.033 | |
| TAPSE | 19.0 ± 3.2 | 19.6 ± 4.0 | 17.2 ± 3.2 | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle; LVIDD, left ventricular internal diastolic diameter; LVIDS, left ventricular internal systolic diameter; IVS, interventricular systolic septum; IVS/D, ratio of interventricular systolic and diastolic septum; EF, ejection fractio; FS, fractional shortening; LVM, left ventricular mass; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; E/A, ratio of early and late diastolic mitral inflow velocity; E', peak early diastolic velocity; S', peak early systolic velocity; mVCFc, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening; MPI, myocardial performance index; GLS, global longitudinal strain; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.
According to t-test or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous data, P < 0.05 is considered significantly different between groups.