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. 2022 Mar 8;12:4053. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08037-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Multilayer thin films (MTF) based computational spectrometer. (a) Photograph of the MTF filter array, which is directly attached to the CMOS image sensor. (b) Schematic of MTF filters: TiO₂ and SiO₂ are deposited on a glass substrate with design properties such as the number of layers of the i-th MTF filter $(l_{i})$ and thickness of the l-th layer of the i-th MTF filter $(t_{i}^{l th}) .$ (c) Two transmission functions of MTF filters. (d) Spectral response of the CMOS image sensor. (e) Spectral sensitivity of an MTF filter with the CMOS image sensor, which can be calibrated by element-wise multiplication of the transmission function and the spectral response of the CMOS image sensor. (f) Heatmap of the sensing matrix. Each row represents the spectral sensitivity with respect to wavelength. (g) Upper triangular matrix of correlation coefficients which are pairwise compared among rows of the sensing matrix.