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. 2022 Mar 9;10:27. doi: 10.1038/s41413-022-00201-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — EP4 deletion in osteoclasts inhibits OA progression in a murine OA model. a Representative images of TRAP staining and IHF staining of Osterix (Osx), CD115 (red), and RANK (green) in the subchondral bone of the EP4^fl/fl or littermate EP4^LysM mice post-ACLT surgery (top) and quantitative analysis (bottom). TRAP staining, IHF staining of CD115 and RANK, and IHC staining of Osx were performed 2 weeks after ACLT surgery. The white arrow indicates CD115 and RANK double-positive osteoclast precursors. Error bars are the mean ± s.d. Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s t tests. n = 6 for TRAP staining, n = 3 for CD115 and RANK IHF staining. Scale bars, 50 μm (TRAP staining), 20 μm (CD115 and RANK IHF staining), and 20 μm (Osx IHF staining). b Representative 3D reconstructed microCT images, H&E staining, and safranin O-fast green (S.O.) staining of sagittal sections of articular cartilage of the EP4^fl/fl or littermate EP4^LysM mice 8 weeks after ACLT surgery (left). Quantitative analysis of structural parameters of subchondral bone, including Tb.Pf, Tb.Sp and BV/TV. OARSI scores based on the S.O. staining histology analysis (right). Error bars are the mean ± s.d. n = 6 for each group. Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s t tests. Scale bars, 1 mm (microCT), 50 μm (S.O.) and 50 μm (H&E)