Table 4.
Fatty acid composition of Cyprinus carpio cultured under five different feeding regimes (mg 100 g−1 of fresh weight).
Fatty acids | LM0 | LM5 | LM10 | LM15 | LM20 | Polynomial contrasts | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linear | Quadratic | ||||||
Saturated fatty acids (SFA) | |||||||
14:0 | 27.32 ± 0.89a | 23.61 ± 0.62b | 17.26 ± 0.41c | 16.39 ± 0.16c | 11.39 ± 1.26d | < 0.001 | 0.111 |
15:0 | 4.45 ± 0.01c | 6.10 ± 0.48b | 5.48 ± 0.98c | 7.34 ± 0.08a | 6.39 ± 0.28b | < 0.001 | 0.031 |
16:0 | 383.00 ± 0.01b | 434.12 ± 1.74a | 354.66 ± 6.64c | 364.53 ± 5.15c | 320.44 ± 5.60d | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
18:0 | 1.90 ± 0.02c | 4.69 ± 0.20a | 3.31 ± 0.68b | 1.38 ± 0.39c | 3.15 ± 0.45b | 0.289 | 0.008 |
24:0 | 10.53 ± 0.07c | 8.49 ± 0.36d | 11.03 ± 0.09b | 9.79 ± 0.18c | 12.89 ± 0.65a | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Total SFA | 427.21 ± 0.89b | 477.01 ± 1.31a | 391.74 ± 7.44c | 399.44 ± 4.78c | 354.26 ± 7.86d | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) | |||||||
16:1n-7 | 26.44 ± 0.01a | 23.46 ± 0.93b | 8.21 ± 0.67c | 4.68 ± 0.41d | 2.29 ± 0.19e | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
18:1n-9 | 1014.10 ± 0.40a | 959.98 ± 0.70b | 795.25 ± 5.50c | 745.45 ± 1.29d | 608.05 ± 6.44e | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
24:1 | 2.52 ± 0.03c | 2.55 ± 0.37c | 3.23 ± 0.05b | 5.26 ± 0.37a | 2.78 ± 1.12bc | 0.010 | 0.012 |
Total MUFA | 1043.06 ± 0.42a | 985.99 ± 0.13b | 806.69 ± 6.19c | 755.39 ± 1.32d | 613.12 ± 3.13e | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) | |||||||
18:2n-6 (LOA) | 1087.98 ± 0.31a | 948.68 ± 2.69d | 982.46 ± 9.67c | 1033.81 ± 8.04b | 1099.49 ± 0.08a | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
20:2n-6 | 32.73 ± 1.75a | 17.43 ± 1.14c | 24.44 ± 1.47b | 26.23 ± 3.15b | 30.66 ± 1.91ab | 0.230 | < 0.001 |
20:3n-6 | 16.25 ± 0.92a | 11.28 ± 1.42c | 12.42 ± 0.42bc | 13.92 ± 0.25b | 10.61 ± 0.17c | < 0.001 | 0.057 |
20:4n-6 | 27.41 ± 0.50a | 22.39 ± 1.12b | 22.80 ± 0.63b | 26.65 ± 1.67a | 21.51 ± 0.25b | 0.002 | 0.159 |
22:5n-6 | 66.97 ± 1.97a | 54.07 ± 0.34b | 49.53 ± 0.13c | 56.78 ± 0.99b | 46.22 ± 0.02d | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Total n-6 PUFA | 1231.34 ± 1.52a | 1053.86 ± 8.75e | 1091.65 ± 8.85d | 1157.40 ± 7.20c | 1208.48 ± 2.42b | 0.002 | < 0.001 |
18:3n-3 (ALA) | 15.22 ± 0.01c | 14.92 ± 0.69c | 30.05 ± 0.33b | 38.35 ± 2.14a | 38.32 ± 0.78a | < 0.001 | 0.021 |
20:4n-3 | 128.04 ± 1.36d | 166.65 ± 0.40a | 150.88 ± 4.39c | 161.30 ± 0.74ab | 156.96 ± 2.57bc | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
20:5n-3 (EPA) | 3.95 ± 0.02c | 5.01 ± 0.34b | 5.96 ± 0.05a | 6.00 ± 0.40a | 5.28 ± 0.12b | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
22:5n-3 | 5.39 ± 0.01d | 9.09 ± 0.35c | 11.54 ± 0.14a | 11.10 ± 0.01ab | 10.42 ± 0.09b | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
22:6n-3 (DHA) | 53.60 ± 5.01e | 81.01 ± 1.77d | 86.01 ± 0.52c | 91.03 ± 1.61b | 107.50 ± 1.68a | < 0.001 | 0.003 |
Total n-3 PUFA | 206.20 ± 6.54d | 276.68 ± 2.81c | 284.44 ± 6.02c | 307.78 ± 1.67b | 318.48 ± 5.21a | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
EPA + DHA | 57.55 ± 5.01e | 86.02 ± 2.11d | 91.97 ± 0.58c | 97.04 ± 1.21b | 112.79 ± 1.57a | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
n-6/n-3 | 5.97 ± 0.03a | 3.80 ± 0.01b | 3.84 ± 0.03b | 3.76 ± 0.02b | 3.79 ± 0.00b | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Values (means ± SE, n = 3) in each row with different superscript are significantly different (p < 0.05). The polynomial orthogonal contrast was considered significant at p < 0.05 level.
LM0 = Control, soybean; LM5 = 5% L. minor; LM10 = 10% L. minor; LM15 = 15% L. minor; LM20 = 20% L. minor.