Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Mar 9;7:71. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-00888-1

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1 — Effect of shikonin on the malignant phenotypes of human colorectal cancer cells. a Chemical structure of shikonin (SHK). b Colorectal cancer cells (LoVo, RKO, HCT-15, HCT-116, and SW620) and normal human colonic epithelial cells (CCD841 CoN) were cultured with the indicated concentrations of SHK for 48 h, after which the cell viability was determined using the CCK-8 assay. c The SHK-induced reduction of colony formation was analyzed, and the colony formation numbers were calculated. d The NO content following SHK treatment was determined using the Griess reagent. LoVo and RKO cells were cultured with SHK. The expression of inflammatory markers (COX-2, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α) was analyzed by qPCR (e) and western blotting (f). A quantitative analysis of these proteins was also performed (g). The data are presented as the means ± SD of at least three separate experiments. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, SHK treatment group vs. vehicle control group). In vivo antitumor efficacy of SHK in a LoVo xenograft tumor model. Tumor appearance (h), total tumor weights (i) and tumor volumes (j) were assessed. The expression of inflammatory markers (COX-2, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α) in tumor tissues was analyzed by western blotting (k) and immunohistochemical analysis (l). Data were presented as the means ± SD from n = 5 mice/group. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, SHK treatment group vs. vehicle control group. Magnification, ×200)