Table 3.
Indirect effects of political ideology on each variable, and multigroup comparisons for the association between ideology and trust in science, from Fig. 4.
| Country | Path a comparisons: United States | Path a comparisons: Canada | Ideology → Trust Science | Indirect effect on Concern | % of total effect | Indirect effect on Compliance | % of total effect | Indirect effect on Curtailments | % of total effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | – | b = − 0.01, SE = 0.03, t = − 0.40, p = 0.692 | − 0.19 (0.01)*** | − 0.02 (.01)*** | 22% | − 0.09 (.01)*** | 66% | − 0.09 (.01)*** | 61% |
| Canada | b = 0.01, SE = 0.03, t = 0.40, p = 0.692 | – | − 0.20 (0.03)*** | − 0.01 (.01)* | 19% | − 0.10 (.02)*** | NA | − 0.08 (.01)*** | NA |
| Australia | b = − 0.15, SE = 0.03, t = − 4.21, p < 0.001 | b = − 0.17, SE = 0.05, t = − 3.27, p = 0.001 | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | |||
| Spain | b = − 0.07, SE = 0.03, t = − 2.17, p = 0.030 | b = − 0.08, SE = 0.04, t = − 1.93, p = 0.053 | − 0.11 (0.03)*** | n.s | − 0.04 (0.01)** | NA | − 0.04 (0.01)*** | NA | |
| France | b = − 0.13, SE = 0.04, t = − 3.29, p = 0.001 | b = − 0.14, SE = 0.05, t = − 3.00, p = 0.002 | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | |||
| Germany | b = − 0.09, SE = 0.04, t = − 2.38, p = 0.017 | b = − 0.11, SE = 0.05, t = − 1.92, p = 0.054 | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | |||
| Hungary | b = − 0.26, SE = 0.04, t = − 6.41, p < 0.001 | b = − 0.27, SE = 0.05, t = − 5.28, p < 0.001 | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | |||
| Indonesia | b = − 0.05, SE = 0.03, t = − 1.77, p = 0.076 | b = − 0.07, SE = 0.04, t = − 1.51, p = 0.131 | − 0.12 (0.03)*** | − 0.01 (.01)* | 14% | − 0.05 (.01)*** | 26% | − 0.05 (0.01)*** | NA |
| Ireland | b = − 0.11, SE = 0.03, t = − 3.24, p = 0.001 | b = − 0.13, SE = 0.05, t = − 2.56, p = 0.010 | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | |||
| Israel | b = − 0.12, SE = 0.03, t = − 3.36, p < 0.001 | b = − 0.13, SE = 0.05, t = − 2.78, p = 0.005 | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | |||
| Italy | b = − 0.09, SE = 0.04, t = − 2.35, p = 0.018 | b = − 0.10, SE = 0.05, t = − 2.14, p = 0.032 | − 0.10 (0.04)** | − 0.01 (0.01)* | NA | n.s | n.s | ||
| South Korea | b = − 0.23, SE = 0.03, t = − 7.57, p < 0.001 | b = − 0.24, SE = 0.04, t = − 5.35, p < 0.001 | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | |||
| Malaysia | b = − 0.14, SE = 0.03, t = − 4.36, p < 0.001 | b = − 0.16, SE = .05, t = − 3.36, p < .001 | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | |||
| Netherlands | b = − 0.18, SE = 0.03, t = − 5.18, p < 0.001 | b = − 0.20, SE = 0.05, t = − 3.95, p < 0.001 | n.s | n.s | n.s | 0.03 (0.02)* | NA | ||
| Philippines | b = − 0.13, SE = 0.03, t = − 4.09, p < 0.001 | b = − 0.14, SE = 0.04, t = − 3.15, p = 0.002 | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | |||
| Poland | b = − 0.11, SE = 0.04, t = − 3.06, p = 0.002 | b = − 0.12, SE = 0.05, t = − 2.53, p = 0.011 | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | |||
| Serbia | b = − 0.09, SE = 0.04, t = − 1.94, p = 0.052 | b = − 0.10, SE = 0.06, t = − 1.70, p = 0.088 | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | |||
| Turkey | b = − 0.24, SE = 0.04, t = − 6.47, p < 0.001 | b = − 0.26, SE = 0.05, t = − 5.29, p < 0.001 | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s | |||
| United Kingdom | b = − 0.20, SE = 0.03, t = − 5.81, p < 0.001 | b = − 0.21, SE = 0.04, t = − 4.68, p < 0.001 | n.s | n.s | n.s | n.s |
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, n.s. = not significant. The USA and Canada were the reference group in each comparison. Bold values depict significant results. Calculations of the proportion of the total effect calculated by the indirect effect were made by dividing the indirect effect of trust in science by the total effect. If the total effect was not significant or in the opposite direction, the calculation was not feasible, and thus NA (Not Available) is indicated).