Table 3.

Multivariate Cox regression analysis for effectiveness, safety, and MACE outcomes of atrial fibrillation patients with receiving either rivaroxaban alone or concomitant AADs.

	Effectiveness endpoint			Safety endpoint			MACE
	HR	(95% CI)	P value	HR	(95% CI)	P value	HR	(95% CI)	P value
Concomitant-AAD class
Rivaroxaban alone	1.00			1.00			1.00
Rivaroxaban plus AADs	0.90	(0.52‒1.56)	0.709	1.11	(0.82‒1.49)	0.503	1.06	(0.70‒1.61)	0.779
Age (yr)	1.01	(0.98‒1.05)	0.369	1.01	(0.99‒1.02)	0.414	1.02	(1.00‒1.05)	0.080
Female	0.81	(0.45‒1.46)	0.487	1.12	(0.82‒1.52)	0.477	0.98	(0.62‒1.54)	0.924
Pre-CHF admission	0.76	(0.38‒1.52)	0.440	1.02	(0.72‒1.45)	0.894	0.89	(0.54‒1.47)	0.655
Hypertension	1.51	(0.65‒3.53)	0.341	1.10	(0.73‒1.65)	0.659	1.47	(0.77‒2.80)	0.243
Diabetes	0.87	(0.48‒1.60)	0.659	1.16	(0.85‒1.59)	0.345	1.01	(0.64‒1.61)	0.954
Prior major bleeding	0.95	(0.27‒3.33)	0.936	2.56	(1.64‒4.01)	< 0.001	0.35	(0.10‒1.21)	0.096
Prior TIA/stroke	0.37	(0.14‒0.98)	0.046	1.17	(0.46‒2.99)	0.747	0.42	(0.19‒0.94)	0.036
Prior TIA/stroke Thromboembolism	5.52	(2.30‒13.28)	< 0.001	0.75	(0.31‒1.86)	0.539	3.03	(1.49‒6.16)	0.002
Liver cirrhosis	0.59	(0.13‒2.75)	0.504	1.13	(0.58‒2.18)	0.724	1.08	(0.42‒2.77)	0.875
LVEF (%)	0.98	(0.95‒1.01)	0.252	0.99	(0.97‒1.01)	0.177	0.99	(0.97‒1.02)	0.524
eGFR (mL/mm/1.73m2)	1.00	(0.99‒1.01)	0.425	1.00	(0.99‒1.01)	0.455	1.00	(0.99‒1.01)	0.990
Medication
ACEI/ ARB	0.79	(0.43‒1.46)	0.455	0.96	(0.69‒1.34)	0.817	0.80	(0.49‒1.28)	0.348
Beta-blocker	0.79	(0.43‒1.46)	0.455	1.01	(0.73‒1.38)	0.977	0.75	(0.47‒1.21)	0.241
Statin	1.63	(0.91‒2.92)	0.104	0.76	(0.53‒1.07)	0.116	1.34	(0.83‒2.17)	0.229
Aspirin	1.20	(0.30‒4.71)	0.798	0.49	(0.17‒1.42)	0.188	1.01	(0.41‒2.54)	0.976
Clopidogrel or brilinta	1.31	(0.41‒4.23)	0.653	0.87	(0.34‒2.23)	0.778	1.88	(0.84‒4.22)	0.124
NSAID	1.39	(0.58‒3.35)	0.459	0.98	(0.59‒1.63)	0.945	1.47	(0.76‒2.85)	0.254

AADs, anti-arrhythmia drugs.