. 2022 Mar 8;12:3753. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07760-w

Table 1.

Infestation of Mythimna separata (mean numbers of larvae & pupae) on wheat crop and their correlations with incorporated/retained residue in different tillage-cum-crop establishment and residues management practices of Indo-Gangetic Plains at 65 days after sowing (larvae) and after harvesting of crop (pupae) during recent different years.

Scenarios*	Number of larvae (m⁻²)			Number of pupae (m⁻²)
Scenarios*	2018–2019	2019–2020	2020–2021	2018–2019	2019–2020	2020–2021
Sc1 (FP)	0.20 ± 0.02^a	0.80 ± 0.58^a	1.60 ± 0.81^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.20 ± 0.20^a	0.40 ± 0.24^a
Sc2 (FP)	0.60 ± 0.40^a	0.60 ± 0.60^a	2.00 ± 0.95^a	0.20 ± 0.20^a	0.40 ± 0.24^a	0.60 ± 0.24^a
Sc3 (pCA)	1.40 ± 0.51^ab	4.20 ± 1.24^ab	7.60 ± 1.43^b	0.40 ± 0.24^a	1.00 ± 0.32^ab	1.60 ± 0.40^ab
Sc4 (pCA)	3.20 ± 1.16^b	6.60 ± 1.50^b	9.60 ± 1.88^b	1.00 ± 0.45^a	1.60 ± 0.24^b	2.00 ± 0.45^b
Sc5 (pCA)	1.60 ± 0.81^ab	5.00 ± 1.38^b	6.80 ± 1.88^b	0.40 ± 0.24^a	1.00 ± 0.32^ab	1.40 ± 0.51^ab
Sc6 (CA)	2.20 ± 0.66^ab	4.00 ± 1.30^ab	7.40 ± 1.08^b	0.40 ± 0.24^a	0.80 ± 0.37^ab	1.60 ± 0.24^ab
Sc7 (CA)	3.40 ± 0.93^b	8.00 ± 1.48^b	10.40 ± 1.53^b	1.20 ± 0.49^a	1.80 ± 0.37^b	2.40 ± 0.24^b
Number of larvae/pupae (m²) regressed on residue incorporated/retained (r)
Larvae (m²)				Pupae (m²)
Y = 0.23x + 2.66 (R² = 0.82*)				Y = 0.06X + 0.59 (R² = 0.89**)

Mean values followed by standard error and different superscript small letters within a column are significantly different; * and ** indicate significant at P<0.05 and <0.001, respectively.