Table 2.
Characteristics of Participants with Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation and Elevated Stroke Risk by Types of Oral Anticoagulant
| Warfarin N=88,495 (71%) |
Direct oral anticoagulant N= 33,344 (29%) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, M (SD) | 75.6 (9.2) | 75.9 (8.7) | <.0001 |
| Age category | |||
| <75 years | 43,155 (49) | 16,213 (49) | 0.005 |
| 75–84 years | 24,908 (28) | 9656 (29) | |
| >=85 years | 20,432 (23) | 7475 (22) | |
| Female | 15892 | 603 (2) | 0.88 |
| CHA2DS2VASC score (M, SD) | 4.69 (1.5) | 4.42 (1.6) | 0.12 |
| ATRIA score (M, SD) | 4.84 (2.9) | 4.27 (2.7) | <.0001 |
| Body mass index category | |||
| <25 | 19,873 (23) | 7036 (20) | |
| 25–30 | 26,404 (31) | 12,092 (34) | |
| 31–35 | 19,495 (23) | 8916 (25) | |
| >35 | 17,980 (21) | 7,164 (20) | <.0001 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Asian/Hispanic | 11371 | 415 (1) | |
| Black | 8665 (10) | 21746 | |
| Native American | 561 (0.6) | 191 (1) | |
| White | 74,319 (84) | 29,266 (88) | <.0001 |
| Marital status | |||
| Divorced | 23,287 (26) | 7017 (21) | <.0001 |
| Married | 47,546 (54) | 20,957 (63) | |
| Single | 54 (0.06) | 17 (0.05) | |
| Widowed | 12,069 (14) | 3646 (11) | |
| Admission 4 weeks prior | 5153 (6) | 21626 | <.0001 |
| Medical history | |||
| Dementia | 11,866 (14) | 3908 (11) | <.0001 |
| Depression | 12,193(14) | 3581 (11) | <.0001 |
| Current smoker | 24,741 (28) | 7914 (24) | <.0001 |
| Heart failure | 50,198 (57) | 14,815 (44) | <.0001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 22,139 (25) | 5899 (18) | <.0001 |
| Hypertension | 85,236 (96) | 32,177 (97) | 0.13 |
| Diabetes | 51,354 (58) | 17,297(52) | <.0001 |
| Liver disease | 13,354(15) | 4989(15) | 0.5778 |
| Major bleeding | 33,833 (38) | 11,235 (34) | <.0001 |
| GI bleeding | 17,853 (20) | 5793 (17) | <.0001 |
| Intracranial bleeding | 26723 | 601 (2) | <.0001 |
| Stroke | 24,262 (27) | 7778 (23) | <.0001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 11,974 (14) | 4265 (13) | 0.0007 |
| Anemia | 39,237 (44) | 12,479 (37) | <.0001 |
| Asthma/COPD | 41,441 (47) | 13,396 (40) | <.0001 |
| Renal failure | 34,555 (39) | 9541 (29) | <.0001 |
| Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, mean (SD) | 6.58 (3.3) | 4.90 (3.2) | <.0001 |
| VA entitlement | |||
| Service connected or aid and attendance (no copayment) | 61,229 (50) | 88,185 (47) | <0.0001 |
| Non-service connected | 60,504 (50) | 98,305 (53) | <0.0001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 1.50 (2.7) | 1.24 (4.1) | 0.27 |
| Hemoglobin (g/DL), mean (SD) | 12.3 (2.6) | 12.5 (2.6) | 0.0006 |
| Frailty category | |||
| Non-frail | 29,755 (34) | 10,282 (31) | <.0001 |
| Pre-frail | 30,967(35) | 11,789 (35) | |
| Frail | 27,773 (31) | 11,273 (34) | |
| Region | |||
| Mid-west | 21,723 (25) | 8410 (25) | 0.0002 |
| North east | 12,113 (14) | 4729 (14) | |
| South | 35,146 (40) | 13,176 (40) | |
| West | 19,513 (22) | 7029 (21) | |
Note: All values are N (%) unless otherwise noted