Table 2.
Epileptological features of living individuals.
Individuala | i01 | i03 | i04 | i05 | i06 | i10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variant |
c.5 G > A p.(Arg2His) |
c.521 C > T p.(Ala174Val) |
c.521 C > T p.(Ala174Val) |
c.652 G > A p.(Asp218Asn) |
c.656 T > C p.(Ile219Thr) |
c.1264 C > A p.(Arg422Ser) |
Epilepsy | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Age at seizure onset | 8 mo | 5 d | 3 d | 7 d | 2 mo | n/a |
Seizure types |
1. Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic szs. 2. Focal autonomic szs. |
1. Myoclonic szs. (neonatal) 2. Focal tonic szs. w/ impaired awareness 3. Epileptic spasms |
Generalized tonic-clonic szs. |
1. Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic szs. 2. Focal myoclonic szs. |
1. Epileptic spasms 2. Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic and myoclonic szs. |
Focal szs. w/ impaired awareness |
Epilepsy type | Combined focal and generalized epilepsy | Combined focal and generalized epilepsy | Generalized epilepsy | Combined focal and generalized epilepsy | Combined focal and generalized epilepsy | Focal epilepsy |
Primary | Unspecified DEE | Early myoclonic encephalopathy w/ burst suppression | Unspecified DEE | Unspecified DEE | West syndrome | Unspecified DE + E |
Epilepsy syndrome | ||||||
Epilepsy outcome | Refractory to treatment | Partially controlled | n/a | Refractory to treatment | Refractory to treatment | Partially controlled |
Development prior to seizure onset | Delayed | Neonatal onset | Neonatal onset | Neonatal onset | Unremarkable | Delayed |
EEG at onset | Left sided temporal slowing with frequent high voltage spikes and slow-waves | Constant suppression pattern, evolving to burst-suppression pattern in infancy | n/a | n/a | Hypsarrhythmia, multifocal spikes, generalized slowing | n/a |
EEG at follow-up | Right sided posterior slow-waves and occipital paroxysms of spikes | Multifocal, bihemispheric spikes, CSWS (age > 3 yrs) | n/a | Dissociated brain activity, bilateral hypsarrhythmia pattern during sleep, suppression-burst pattern (left hemisphere) | Generalized slowing, occasional multifocal spikes, atypical hypsarrhythmia | n/a |
Current AED | Vigabatrin, levetiracetam, valproic acid, lamotrigine | Vigabatrin | Topiramate, phenobarbital | Lamotrigine, levetiracetam, clobazam, cannabidiol | Topiramate, levetiracetam | Valproic acid |
AED synopsis | n/a | Levetiracetam, methylprednisolone | n/a | Valproic acid, vigabatrin, topiramate, lacosamide, phenobarbital, sultiame | Vigabatrin, phenobarbital, valproic acid, sultiame | n/a |
AED anti-epileptic drug, DEE developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, DE + E developmental encephalopathy with epilepsy, CSWS continuous spike-and-wave during sleep, FU follow-up, n/a not assessed, w/ with.
aFour individuals were excluded from this synopsis due to termination of pregnancy (i08, i09) and absence of epilepsy (i02, i07), respectively.