Table 4.

Associations between engaging in sports and exercise volunteering and social cohesion, support, network, and participation.

	OR	95% CI	P
Model 2: model 1 + social cohesion (ref. none of each)
General trust, yes	1.16	(1.01–1.33)	0.038
Norms of reciprocity, yes	1.27	(1.11–1.44)	< 0.001
Attachment to the neighborhood, yes	1.25	(1.05–1.49)	0.014
Model 3: model 1 + social support (ref. none of each)
Receiving emotional support, yes	1.10	(0.77–1.56)	0.609
Providing emotional support, yes	1.50	(1.07–2.11)	0.019
Receiving instrumental support, yes	1.26	(0.90–1.78)	0.175
Providing instrumental support, yes	1.33	(1.14–1.54)	< 0.001
Model 4: model 1 + social network
Frequency of meeting friends (ref. a few times a year or less)
1–3 times/month	1.28	(1.05–1.55)	0.014
1 time/week	1.80	(1.48–2.19)	< 0.001
2–3 times/week	2.35	(1.94–2.84)	< 0.001
Almost every day	2.08	(1.68–2.57)	< 0.001
Number of met friends (ref. zero)
1–2	1.57	(1.03–2.37)	0.034
3–5	1.87	(1.25–2.81)	0.003
6–9	2.11	(1.39–3.18)	< 0.001
≥ 10	3.33	(2.25–4.93)	< 0.001
Interactions with neighbors (ref. no more than exchange greetings/none)
Standing and chatting frequently	1.32	(1.14–1.52)	< 0.001
Cooperating in daily life	1.75	(1.49–2.06)	< 0.001
Model 5: model 1 + social participation (ref. none of each)
Hobby activity groups, yes	2.00	(1.75–2.29)	< 0.001
Community associations, yes	1.71	(1.49–1.97)	< 0.001
Senior citizen club, yes	1.60	(1.39–1.83)	< 0.001
Study or cultural groups, yes	1.20	(1.04–1.38)	0.012
Activities to teach skills or pass on experiences to others, yes	2.81	(2.44–3.24)	< 0.001

n = 20,877.

All variables shown were simultaneously added in each corresponding model.

OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval.