Table 3.

Protocol variables

Authors (year)\Variables				Alveranga et al30	Al-Abdhulwahab36	Andrews et al33(1996)	Bohannon37(1996)	Bohannon38(1997)	Bohannon34(1986)	de Oliveira et al32	McKay et al35(2019)	Riemann et a131 (2010)
HHD		Maximal capacity (N)		1334	1959	512	650	650	265	1335	500	112
		Model		√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
		Mode (compression/distraction)		C	C	C	C	C	C	C	C	C
Units of measure		Kg							√	√
		Lb				√			√
		Newton			√	√	√	√			√
		% of bodyweight		√		√		√		√		√
		Newton-meter
Testing procedures		Verbal stimulation		√						√	√
		Gravity eliminated			√	√	√	√	√		√
		Rest time between trials, s		15	120	≥60		≥60		20	10
		No. of trials		5	3	2		2	1	3	3	1
		Contraction time, s		5	7R	7R	7R	7R			3-5	7R
		Strength value used for final analysis, mean or maximum		Max	Mean	Mean		First	NA			NA
		No. of evaluators		2	1	3	1	1	1	2	2	2
Muscle groups	Upper limbs	Shoulder	Flexion			√			√
			Extension			√		√	√
			Abduction			√	√	√	√
			Adduction						√
			External rotation			√		√	√		√	√
			Internal rotation			√			√		√	√
		Elbow	Flexion			√	√	√	√		√
			Extension			√		√	√		√
		Wrist	Flexion						√
			Extension			√	√	√	√
	Lower limbs	Hip	Flexion	√		√	√	√		√
			Extension	√						√
			Abduction	√		√		√		√	√
			Adduction	√
			External rotation	√							√
			Internal rotation	√							√
		Knee	Flexion			√
			Extension		√	√	√	√
		Ankle	Dorsiflexion			√	√	√			√
			Plantarflexion								√
Positioning		Participant position		√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√
		Rater position									√
		Joint/limb position			√	√		√	√	√	√	√
		Anatomical landmarks		√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√
		Stabilization			√	√		√	√	√	√
		Pictures				1			√	√		√

Abbreviations: Max, maximum; NA, not applicable; R, ramped.