Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Participants | Duration, and frequency | Exercise intervention | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Gender (M/F) | Population | HIIT | MICT | ||
| Rognmo et al. (48) | HIIT 62.9 ± 11.2 MICT 61.2 ± 7.3 | HIIT 6/2 MICT 8/1 | CAD | 10 wks; 3 times / wk | 4*4-min intervals at 85–95% HRpeak, interspersed by 3 min active recovery at 65–75% HRpeak | 41 min at 65–75% HRpeak |
| Warburton et al. (49) | HIIT 55 ± 7 MICT 57 ± 8 | HIIT 7/0 MICT 7/0 | CAD | 16 wks; 2 times / wk | 2 min at 85–95% HRR/VO2R interspersed by 2 min active recovery at 35–45% HRR/VO2R, a total of 30 min | 30 min at 60% HRR/VO2R |
| Wisløff et al. (19) | HITT 76.5 ± 9 MICT 74.4 ± 12 | HIIT 7/2 MICT 7/2 | HF | 12 wks; 3 times / wk | 4*4-min intervals at 90–95% HRpeak, interspersed by 3 min active recovery at 50–70 % HRpeak | 47 min at 70–75% HRpeak |
| Iellamo et al. (28) | HIIT 62.2 ± 8 MICT 62.6 ± 9 | HIIT 8/0 MICT 8/0 | HF with reduced ejection fraction | 12 wks; 2–5 times / wk | 4*4-min intervals at 75–80% HRR, interspersed by 3 min active recovery at 45–50% HRR | 30–45 min at 45–60% HRR |
| Currie et al. (50) | HIIT 62 ± 11 MICT 68 ± 8 | HIIT 11 MICT 11 Total 20/2 | CAD | 12 wks; 2 times / wk | 10*1-min intervals at 80–104 % PPO, interspersed by 1 min active recovery at 10% PPO | 30–50 min at 51–65% PPO |
| Keteyian et al. (51) | HIIT 60 ± 7 MICT 58 ± 9 | HIIT 11/4 MICT 12/1 | CAD | 10 wks; 3 times / wk | 4*4-min intervals at 80–90% HRR, interspersed by 3 min active recovery at 60–70% HRR | 30 min at 60–80% HRR |
| Koufaki et al. (57) | Total:59.1 ± 8.6 | HIIT 8 MICT 9 Total 14/3 |
HF with reduced ejection fraction | 12 wks; 3 times / wk | 2*15 min bouts,30 s at 50% of the maximum workload reached with the MSEC test (100% PPO), interspersed by 1 min recovery periods at 20–30% of peak power output (25–40 watts) | 40 min at 40–60% VO2peak |
| Koufaki et al. (57) | Total:59.1 ± 8.6 | HIIT 8 MICT 9 Total 14/3 |
HF with reduced ejection fraction | 24 wks; 3 times / wk | 2*15 min bouts,30 s at 50% of the maximum workload reached with the MSEC test, interspersed by 1 min recovery periods at 20–30% of peak power output (25–40 watts) | 40 min at 40-60% VO2peak |
| Angadi et al. (60) | HIIT 69.0 ± 6.1 MICT 71.5 ± 11.7 | HIIT 8/1 MICT 4/2 | HF with preserved ejection fraction | 4 wks; 3 times / wk | 4*4-min intervals at 85–90% HRpeak, interspersed by 3 min active recovery at 50% HRpeak | 30 min at 70% HRpeak |
| Kim et al. (63) | HIIT 57 ± 11.58 MICT 60.2 ± 13.64 | HIIT 12/2 MICT 10/4 | Acute myocardial infarction patients with drug-eluting stent | 6 wks; 3 times / wk | 4*4-min intervals at 85–95% HRR, interspersed by 3 min active recovery at 50–70% HRR | 25 min at 70–85% HRR |
| Benda et al. (58) | HIIT 63 ± 8 MICT 64 ± 8 | HIIT 9/1 MICT 10/0 | HF with reduced ejection fraction | 12 wks; 2 times / wk | 10*1-min intervals at 60–75% of maximal workload and Borg score of 15–17, interspersed by 2.5 min active recovery at 30% of maximal workload | 30-min at 60–75% of maximal workload, Borg score of 12–14 |
| Cardozo et al. (52) | HIIT 56 ± 12 MICT 62 ± 12 | HIIT 14/9 MICT 16/8 | CAD | 16 wks; 3 times / wk | 2 min at 90% HRpeak, interspersed by 2 min active recovery at 60% HRpeak, a total of 30 min | 30 min at 70–75% HRpeak |
| Jaureguizar et al. (25) | HIIT 58 ± 11 MICT 58 ± 11 | HIIT 28/8 MICT 33/3 | CAD | 8 wks; 3 times / wk | In the first month, 20 s at 50% of the maximum load reached with the SRT, interspersed by 40 s recovery periods at 10% of the maximum load, the total duration was 40 min. In the second month, the intensity of exercise was adjusted using the results of a new SRT | 40 min below the HR at VT1 during the first month. During the second month, the intensity of the exercise was adjusted, increasing to a training HR that corresponded to VT1 plus 10% |
| Prado et al. (53) | HIIT 56.5 ± 2.7 MICT 61.3 ± 2.2 | HIIT 14/3 MICT 14/4 | CAD | 12 wks; 3 times / wk | 7*3-min intervals at the respiratory compensation point, interspersed by 3 min active recovery at VAT intensity | 50 min at VAT intensity. |
| Conraads et al. (56) | HIIT 57.8 ± 8.8 MICT 59.9 ± 9.2 | HIIT 91/9 MICT 89/11 | CAD | 6 wks; 3 times / wk | 4*4-min intervals at 85–95% HRpeak, interspersed by 3 min active recovery at 50–70% HRpeak | 37 min at 70–75% HRpeak |
| Conraads et al. (56) | HIIT 57.8 ± 8.8 MICT 59.9 ± 9.2 | HIIT 91/9 MICT 89/11 | CAD | 12 wks; 3 times / wk | 4*4-min intervals at 85–95% HRpeak, interspersed by 3 min active recovery at 50–70% HRpeak | 37 min at 70–75% HRpeak |
| Besnier et al. (59) | HIIT 59 ± 13 MICT 59.5 ± 12 | HIIT 11/5 MICT 11/4 | HF with reduced ejection fraction | 3.5 wks; 5 times / wk | 2*8 min blocks, 30 s at 100% peak power output, interspersed by 30 s passive recovery | 30 min at 60% peak power output |
| Jaureguizar et al. (54) | HIIT 57.6 ± 9.8 MICT 58.3 ± 9.5 | HIIT 50/7 MICT 42/11 | CAD | 8 wks; 3 times / wk | In the first month, 20 s at 50% of the maximum load reached with the SRT, interspersed by 40 s recovery periods at 10% of the maximum load, the total duration was 40 min. In the second month, the intensity of exercise was adjusted using the results of a new SRT | 40 min below the HR at VT1 during the first month. During the second month, the intensity of the exercise was adjusted, increasing to a training HR that corresponded to VT1 plus 10% |
| Rolid et al. (65) | HIIT 50 ± 12 MICT 48 ± 14 | HIIT 28/9 MICT 29/12 | Heart transplantation | 36 wks; 3 times / wk | 4*4-min intervals at 85–95% maximal effort (RPE 16–18), interspersed by 3 min active recovery at RPE 11-13 | 25 min at 60–80% maximal effort (RPE 12–15) |
| Choi et al. (64) | HIIT 53.00 ± 6.84 MICT 57.31 ± 12.62 | HIIT 21/2 MICT 18/3 | MI | 9-10 wks; 1-2 times / wk | 4*4-min intervals at 85–100% HRmax, interspersed by 3 min active recovery at 50–60% HRmax | 28 min at 60–70% HRmax |
| Anderson et al. (61) | HIIT 60 ± 10 MICT 60 ± 9 | HIIT 3/7 MICT 4/5 | HF with preserved ejection fraction | 12 wks; 3 times / wk | 4*4-min intervals at 85–95% HRpeak, interspersed by 3 min active recovery at 60–70% HRpeak | 47 min at 60–70% HRpeak |
| Rocco et al. (27) | HIIT 56.5 ± 3.0 MICT 62.5 ± 2.0 | HIIT 14/3 MICT 15/5 | CAD | 12 wks; 3 times / wk | 7*3-min intervals at the respiratory compensation point, interspersed by 3 min active recovery at VAT intensity | 50 min at VAT intensity |
| Ulbrich et al. (62) | HIIT 53.15 ± 7.0 MICT 54.02 ± 9.9 | HIIT 12/0 MICT 10/0 | HF | 12 wks; 3 times / wk | 3 min at 95% HRpeak, interspersed by 3 min active recovery at 70% HRpeak, a total of 40 min | 40 min at 75% HRpeak |
| Taylor et al. (55) | HIIT 65 ± 7 MICT 65 ± 8 | HIIT 43 MICT 43 Total 86 | CAD | 4 wks; 3 times / wk | 4*4-min intervals at 15–18 RPE, interspersed by 3 min active recovery at 11–13 RPE | 40 min at 11–13 RPE |
M, male; F, female; HR, heart rate; HRpeak, peak heart rate; HRR, heart rate reservation; VO2R, oxygen uptake reservation; VO2peak, peak oxygen uptake; PPO, peak power output; MSEC, maximum short exercise capacity; SRT, steep ramp test; VAT, ventilatory anaerobic threshold; VT1, the first ventilatory thresholds; RPE, rating of perceived exertion, Wks; weeks; CAD, coronary artery disease; HF, heart failure; MI, Myocardial Infarction.