Table 2.
Clinicopathological relevance of connective tissue growth factor mRNA expression in colorectal cancer patients as determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
|
Characteristics
|
Normal expression (n = 14)
|
Overexpression (n = 57)
|
Odds ratio (95%CI)
|
P
value
|
Chi2
|
| Age | |||||
| < 50 | 2 (9.52) | 19 (90.48) | Referent | ||
| ≥ 50 | 12 (24.00) | 38 (76.00) | 3.0 (0.6-29.9) | 0.16 | 1.95 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 4 (10.53) | 34 (89.47) | Referent | ||
| Female | 10 (30.30) | 23 (69.70) | 3.6 (0.9-17.8) | 0.037a | 4.36 |
| Dwelling | |||||
| Rural | 11 (23.40) | 36 (76.60) | Referent | ||
| Urban | 3 (12.50) | 21 (87.50) | 0.5 (0.1-2.1) | 0.27 | 1.19 |
| Social class | |||||
| Low | 7 (31.82) | 15 (68.18) | Referent | ||
| Middle and high | 7 (14.29) | 42 (85.71) | 0.4 (0.09-1.4) | 0.08 | 2.94 |
| Family history | |||||
| Yes | 3 (15.00) | 17 (85.00) | Referent | ||
| No | 11 (21.57) | 40 (78.43) | 1.5 (0.3-9.7) | 0.53 | 0.39 |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Yes | 4 (10.00) | 36 (90.00) | Referent | ||
| No | 10 (32.26) | 21 (67.74) | 4.3 (1.04-20.68) | 0.019a | 5.46 |
| Lifestyle | |||||
| Active | 8 (25.81) | 23 (74.19) | Referent | ||
| Sedentary | 6 (15.00) | 34 (85.00) | 0.5 (0.1-1.1) | 0.25 | 1.28 |
| Salt tea intake | |||||
| Yes | 13 (20.00) | 52 (80.00) | Referent | ||
| No | 1 (16.67) | 5 (83.33) | 0.8 (0.02-8.1) | 0.844 | 0.03 |
| Red meat consumption | |||||
| Yes | 13 (22.03) | 46 (77.97) | Referent | ||
| No | 1 (8.33) | 11 (91.67) | 0.3 (0.01-2.6) | 0.37 | 1.22 |
| Sundried vegetables | |||||
| Yes | 9 (18.75) | 39 (81.25) | Referent | ||
| No | 5 (21.74) | 18 (78.26) | 1.2 (0.2-4.7) | 0.767 | 0.08 |
| Source of drinking water | |||||
| Tap water (R) | 12 (26.09) | 34 (73.91) | Referent | ||
| Tap water (L) | 1 (14.29) | 6 (85.71) | 0.5 (0.01-5.3) | ||
| Others1 | 1 (5.56) | 17 (94.44) | 0.4 (0.04-2.4) | 0.54 | 1.21 |
| Pickles | |||||
| Yes | 8 (19.51) | 33 (80.49) | Referent | ||
| No | 6 (20.00) | 24 (80.00) | 1.03 (0.3-3.9) | 1.000 | 0.002 |
| Pesticide exposure | |||||
| Yes | 7 (21.21) | 26 (78.79) | Referent | ||
| No | 7 (18.42) | 31 (81.58) | 0.84 (0.219-3.21) | 0.8 | 0.07 |
| Junk food consumption | |||||
| Yes | 0 (0) | 5 (100) | Referent | ||
| No | 14 (21.21) | 52 (91.23) | 0 (0-3.08) | 0.25 | 1.32 |
| Site of tumor | |||||
| Colon | 7 (19.44) | 29 (80.56) | Referent | ||
| Rectum | 6 (30.00) | 14 (70.00) | 1.8 (0.4-7.45) | ||
| Rectosigmoid | 1 (6.67) | 14 (93.33) | 0.3 (0.01-2.7) | 0.23 | 2.91 |
| Tumor differentiation | |||||
| Well | 8 (44.44) | 10 (55.56) | |||
| Moderate | 5 (10.87) | 41 (89.13) | Referent | ||
| Poor | 1 (14.29) | 6 (85.71) | 0.15 (0.03-0.7) | 0.009a | 9.35 |
| Invasion depth | |||||
| T1 | 5 (62.50) | 3 (37.50) | |||
| T2 | 7 (31.82) | 15 (68.18) | Referent | ||
| T3 | 2 (6.45) | 29 (93.55) | 0.3 (0.03-2.0) | 0.001a | 17.21 |
| T4 | 0 (0) | 10 (100) | |||
| T1 + T2 | 12 (40.00) | 18 (60.00) | |||
| T3 + T4 | 2 (4.88) | 39 (95.12) | 0.08 (0.008-0.4) | 0.000a | 13.5 |
| TNM staging | |||||
| I | 11 (44.00) | 14 (56.00) | Referent | ||
| II | 2 (8.00) | 23 (92.00) | 0.1 (0.01-0.6) | 0.002a | 14.5 |
| III | 1 (5.56) | 17 (94.44) | 0.07 (0.01-0.7) | ||
| IV | 0 (0) | 3 (100.00) | 0.040a | 4.21 | |
| I + II | 13 (26.00) | 37 (74.00) | |||
| III + IV | 1 (4.76) | 20 (95.24) | 0.1 (0.01-1.1) | ||
| Tumor grade | |||||
| 1 | 8 (44.44) | 10 (55.56) | |||
| 2 | 5 (10.87) | 41 (89.13) | Referent | ||
| 3 | 1 (14.29) | 6 (85.71) | 0.1 (0.03-0.7) | 0.009a | 9.35 |
| DUKE stage | |||||
| A | 2 (2.82) | 3 (4.23) | |||
| B | 11 (15.49) | 33 (46.48) | Referent | ||
| C | 1 (1.41) | 21 (29.58) | 0.5 (0.05-6.8) | 0.042a | 5.20 |
| Node status | |||||
| 0 | 13 (25.49) | 38 (74.51) | Referent | ||
| 1 and 2 | 1 (5.00) | 19 (95.00) | 0.1 (0.003-1.2) | 0.041a | 3.81 |
| LVI | |||||
| Present | 8 (14.81) | 46 (85.19) | Referent | ||
| Absent | 6 (35.29) | 11 (64.71) | 3.1 (0.7-12.7) | 0.064 | 3.42 |
| PNI | |||||
| Present | 0 (0.00) | 15 (100) | Referent | ||
| Absent | 14 (25.00) | 42 (75.00) | 0 (0-1.08) | 0.031a | 4.67 |
| TALNR | |||||
| Present | 11 (17.74) | 51 (82.26) | Referent | ||
| Absent | 3 (33.33) | 6 (66.67) | 2.3 (0.32-12.8) | 0.272 | 1.20 |
| Necrosis seen | |||||
| Yes | 17 (94.44) | 1 (5.56) | Referent | ||
| No | 40 (75.47) | 13 (24.53) | 2.7 (0.5-27.7) | 0.080 | 3.10 |
| Recurrence | |||||
| Yes | 0 (0) | 12 (100) | Referent | ||
| No | 14 (23.73) | 45 (76.27) | 0 (0-1.08) | 0.060 | 3.55 |
| Vital status | |||||
| Alive | 13 (19.70) | 53 (80.30) | Referent | ||
| Death | 1 (20.00) | 4 (80.00) | 1.4 (0.02-1.9) | 0.85 | 0.07 |
1
Others: Spring, Well, Pond.
a
P < 0.05: Statistical significance.
R: River water through tap; L: Lake water through tap; TALNR: Tumor associated lymph-node response; LVI: Lymphovascular invasion; PNI: Perineural invasion; CI: Confidence interval.