Table 3.
Clinicopathological relevance of connective tissue growth factor protein expression in colorectal cancer patients as determined by Western blot analysis
|
Characteristics
|
Normal expression (n = 28)
|
Overexpression (n = 43)
|
Odds ratio (95%CI)
|
P
value
|
Chi2
|
| Age | |||||
| < 50 | 6 (28.57) | 15 (71.43) | Referent | ||
| ≥ 50 | 22 (44.00) | 28 (56.00) | 1.9 (0.6-7.1) | 0.22 | 1.47 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 12 (31.58) | 26 (68.42) | Referent | ||
| Female | 16 (48.48) | 17 (51.52) | 2.03 (0.7-6.0) | 0.15 | 2.11 |
| Dwelling | |||||
| Rural | 20 (42.55) | 27 (57.45) | Referent | ||
| Urban | 8 (33.33) | 16 (66.67) | 0.7 (0.21-2.1) | 0.45 | 0.57 |
| Social class | |||||
| Low | 10 (45.45) | 12 (54.55) | Referent | ||
| Middle and high | 18 (36.73) | 31 (63.27) | 1.4 (0.5-4.5) | 0.57 | 0.48 |
| Family history | |||||
| Yes | 7 (35.00) | 13 (65.00) | Referent | ||
| No | 21 (41.18) | 30 (58.82) | 0.7 (0.2-2.5) | 0.63 | 0.23 |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Yes | 11 (27.50) | 29 (72.50) | Referent | ||
| No | 17 (54.84) | 14 (45.16) | 3.2 (1.1-9.7) | 0.019a | 5.46 |
| Lifestyle | |||||
| Active | 12 (38.71) | 19 (61.29) | Referent | ||
| Sedentary | 16 (40.00) | 24 (60.00) | 1.05 (0.4-0.1) | 0.91 | 0.01 |
| Salt tea intake | |||||
| Yes | 25 (38.46) | 40 (61.54) | Referent | ||
| No | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | 1.6 (0.2-12.8) | 0.58 | 0.30 |
| Red meat consumption | |||||
| Yes | 24 (40.68) | 35 (59.32) | Referent | ||
| No | 4 (33.33) | 8 (66.67) | 0.7 (0.1-3.1) | 0.63 | 0.22 |
| Sundried vegetables | |||||
| Yes | 19 (39.58) | 29 (60.42) | Referent | ||
| No | 9 (39.13) | 14 (60.87) | 1.0 (0.3-3.0) | 0.97 | 0.01 |
| Source of drinking water | |||||
| Tap water (R) | 20 (43.48) | 26 (56.52) | Referent | ||
| Tap water (L) | 1 (14.29) | 6 (85.71) | 0.21 (0.01-2.3) | ||
| Others1 | 7 (38.89) | 11 (61.11) | 1.3 (0.3-4.6) | 0.34 | 2.21 |
| Pickles | |||||
| Yes | 16 (39.02) | 25 (60.98) | Referent | ||
| No | 12 (40) | 18 (60) | 1.04 (0.3-3.03) | 0.93 | 0.01 |
| Pesticide exposure | |||||
| Yes | 15 (45.45) | 18 (54.55) | Referent | ||
| No | 13 (34.21) | 25 (65.79) | 0.624 (0.2-1.8) | 0.33 | 0.93 |
| Junk food consumption | |||||
| Yes | 0 (0) | 5 (100) | Referent | ||
| No | 28 (42.42) | 38 (57.58) | 0 (0-1.1) | 0.06 | 3.5 |
| Site of tumor | |||||
| Colon | 12 (33.33) | 24 (66.67) | Referent | ||
| Rectum | 12 (60) | 8 (40) | 3 (0.84-10.89) | ||
| Rectosigmoid | 4 (26.67) | 11 (73.33) | 0.7 (0.13-3.1) | 0.077 | 5.12 |
| Tumor differentiation | |||||
| Well | 14 (77.78) | 4 (22.22) | Referent | ||
| Moderate | 13 (28.26) | 33 (71.74) | 0.1 (0.02-0.5) | ||
| Poor | 1 (14.29) | 6 (85.71) | 0.04 (0.01-0.64) | 0.000a | 15.33 |
| Invasion depth | |||||
| T1 | 7 (87.50) | 1 (12.50) | |||
| T2 | 13 (59.09) | 9 (40.91) | Referent | 0.000a | 18.61 |
| T3 | 7 (22.58) | 24 (77.42) | 0.04 (0.01-0.44) | ||
| T4 | 1 (10) | 9 (90) | |||
| T1 + T2 | 20 (66.67) | 10 (33.33) | |||
| T3 + T4 | 8 (19.51) | 33 (80.49) | 0.12 (0.03-0.4) | 0.000a | 16.12 |
| TNM staging | |||||
| I | 19 (76.00) | 6 (24.00) | Referent | ||
| II | 7 (28.00) | 18 (72.00) | 0.12 (0.02-0.5) | 0.000a | 23.3 |
| III | 2 (11.11) | 16 (88.89) | 0.04 (0.003-0.3) | ||
| IV | 0 (0.00) | 3 (100) | 0 (0-0.5) | ||
| I + II | 26 (52.00) | 24 (48.00) | |||
| III + IV | 2 (9.52) | 19 (90.48) | 0.1 (0.01-0.5) | 0.001a | 11.2 |
| Tumor grade | |||||
| 1 | 14 (77.78) | 4 (22.22) | Referent | ||
| 2 | 13 (28.26) | 33 (71.74) | 0.1 (0.02-0.5) | ||
| 3 | 1 (14.29) | 6 (85.71) | 0.05 (0.01-0.6) | 0.000a | 15.33 |
| DUKE stage | |||||
| A | 4 (80.00) | 1 (20.00) | Referent | ||
| B | 22 (50.00) | 22 (50.00) | 4 (0.3-205) | ||
| C | 2 (9.09) | 20 (90.91) | 0.02 (0.01-0.5) | 0.001a | 13.9 |
| Node status | |||||
| 0 | 26 (50.98) | 25 (49.02) | Referent | ||
| 1 and 2 | 2 (7.14) | 18 (41.86) | 0.10 (0.01-0.53) | 0.001a | 10.10 |
| LVI | |||||
| Present | 17 (31.48) | 37 (68.52) | Referent | ||
| Absent | 11 (64.71) | 6 (35.29) | 0.2 (0.06-0.90) | 0.015a | 5.97 |
| PNI | |||||
| Present | 1 (6.67) | 14 (93.33) | Referent | ||
| Absent | 27 (48.21) | 29 (51.79) | 0.1 (0.01-0.58) | 0.003a | 8.55 |
| TALNR | |||||
| Present | 25 (40.32) | 37 (59.68) | Referent | ||
| Absent | 3 (33.33) | 6 (66.67) | 0.7 (0.11-3.9) | 0.688 | 0.16 |
| Necrosis seen | |||||
| Yes | 2 (11.11) | 16 (88.89) | Referent | ||
| No | 26 (49.06) | 27 (50.94) | 0.2 (0.03-0.76) | 0.004a | 8.10 |
| Recurrence | |||||
| Yes | 1 (8.33) | 11 (91.67) | Referent | ||
| No | 27 (45.76) | 32 (54.24) | 0.3 (0.05-1.34) | 0.016a | 5.85 |
| Vital status | |||||
| Alive | 27 (40.91) | 39 (59.09) | Referent | ||
| Death | 1 (20.00) | 4 (80.00) | 0.4 (0.007-3.9) | 0.36 | 0.85 |
1
Others: Spring, Well, Pond.
a
P < 0.05: Statistical significance.
R: River water through tap, L: Lake water through tap; TALNR: Tumor associated lymph-node response; LVI: Lymphovascular invasion; PNI: Perineural invasion; CI: Confidence interval.