2. Food supplements. 2.4. Supplementation of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA).

Level of recommendation	Statement
	Background: Due to the heterogeneity of the study data, no final recommendation can be given for supplementation of Ω-3 LCPUFAs for allergy prevention in pregnant women, breastfeeding women and infants.
	Statement: Some studies show that low serum levels of Ω-3 LCPUFAs in pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and infants were associated with a higher risk of allergic diseases in the child, especially of asthma and wheezing, and that this risk may be reduced by supplementing Ω-3 LCPUFAs.
Level of evidence	Bisgaard 2016 (1++); Warstedt 2016 (1++); Hansen 2017 (1+); Best 2016 (1+); Escamilla-Nunez 2014 (1+); Berman 2016 (1–); Gunaratne 2019 (1++); Lapillonne 2014 (2+); Maslova 2019 (2++); Sordillo 2019 (2++); Yu 2015 (2++); Standl 2014 (2++); Magnusson 2018 (2+); Bisgaard 2016 (1++); Warstedt 2016 (1++); D’Vaz 2012 (1+); Furuhjelm 2011 (1+)
Level of consensus:	Strong consensus