Table.

Studies included in the systematic review

	Setting	Population	Study period	HIV-positive patients with outcomes, n	Men	Women	Age, years	Patients on ART, n (%)	CD4 count		Length of stay, days	Primary index admission	Post-discharge follow-up, days	Risk factors for readmission or post-discharge mortality
									Median (IQR)	<200 cells per μL
Alfandre et al20	USA	Adults	2012–13	33 270	17 896	15 374	>40 (81% of study population)	..	..	..	..	..	30	Discharged against medical advice
Antoniou et al21	Canada	Medically complex and socially vulnerable adults	2009–15	268	222	46	49	..	..	..	..	..	30	..
Ayudhya et al22	Thailand	Adults	2013	140*	76	44	40	..	160 (52–407)	..	..	..	30	..
Beckwith et al23	South Africa	Adults	2013–15	151	73	78	39	92 (61%)†	..	91% (<100 cells μL)	5	AIDS-related illness; tuberculosis	30	..
Berry et al24	USA	Adults	2013–15	45 382 admissions (33 556 individuals)	30 086	15 296	37% 45–54 (37% of study population)	..	..	..	..	Non-AIDS defining infection	30	..
Campbell et al25	USA	HIV-positive patients	2019	389	..		..	(78%)	..	..	..	..	30	..
Chawla et al26	Malawi	Adults	2013	1001	475	526	31–40 (38% of study population)	..	..	..	4	..	30	..
Cichowitz et al27	South Africa	Adults	2014	168 (136 HIV-positive at admission)	61	76	37	88 (65%)	56 (23–372)	..		..	180	..
Coelho et al28	Brazil	Adults	2007–13	1861 admitted to hospital; 1442 index hospitalisations	932	510	40	1080 (75%)	..	47%	12	AIDS-related illness	30	Low CD4 cell count at admission; longer length of stay; discharged against medical advice
Colasanti et al29	USA	Adults newly diagnosed with HIV in hospital	2011–12	94	72	22	43	0	134 (30–307)	..	10	..	730	..
Davy-Mendez et al12	USA	Adults (41% men who have sex with men)	1996–2016	2006	1376	630	37	..	..	16%	7	..	30	Low CD4 cell count at admission
English et al30	USA	Adults	2010–13	417	304	113	<50 (75% of study population)	..	..	65%	..	..		..
Gibson et al14	USA	Adults	2015–16	918	652	266	43		..	..	..	AIDS-related illness	30	Discharged against medical advice
Gupta and Dhanireddy31	USA	HIV-positive patients	2007–12	850	−	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	90	..
Haachambwa et al32	Zambia	Adults	2017–18	239	96	143	36	206 (86%)	181 (52–301)	..	12	Pulmonary (including tuberculosis)	74
Hadlock et al33‡	USA	Adults	2010–14	908	..		48	..	..	55%	..	..	30
Hoffmann et al5	South Africa	Adults	2016	121	54	67	40	81 (67%)	260 (113–464)	..	6	Pulmonary (including tuberculosis)	180	Longer length of stay; no linkage to care following discharge
Hsieh et al34	USA	Febrile adults who inject drugs	1998–2004	82	..	..	..	..	248 (2–1033)	..	..	..	90
Khawcharoenporn et al35	Thailand	Adults	2013–15	240	138	102	37	103 (43%)	158 (72–382)	..	..	..-	30
Madrid et al36, 37	Mozambique	Children	2000–16	258	..	..	1–5 (57% of study population)	..	..	..	..	..	90
Meintjes et al38	South Africa	Adults	2012–13	585	247	338	35	263 (45%)	134 (53–275)	..		Tuberculosis (33·5%)	90
Morquin et al39	France	Adults in intensive care unit	1997–2008	98	69	29	43	53 (54%)	..	55%	..	Respiratory and neurological failure	365	Low CD4 cell count at admission
Nijhawan et al13	USA	Adults	2011	930	..	..	45	..	..	62%	5·5	..	30	Not being on ART
Nijhawan et al11	USA	Adults	2006–08	1509	1102†	407†	43	..	..	52%	7	AIDS-related illness	30
Parent et al40	Canada	Adults	1996–2015	7013	5649	1364	43	7013 (100%)	..	28%	..	..	30	Discharged against medical advice
Peck et al41	Tanzania	Adults	2013	143	47	58	47	105 (100%)	..	..	..	..	365	Longer length of stay or lack of linkage <1 month post discharge
Shaaban et al42	Portugal	Adults	2009–14	37 134	25 060	12 074	44	..	..	..	..	..	30	Discharged against medical advice
Stuart-Clark et al43	South Africa	Adults	2009	146	..		39	56 (38%)	111 (61–231)	..	6	..	365
Tang et al44	USA	Adults	2009–12	185	..		50	..	..	..	5	..	30	..

ART=antiretroviral therapy.

^*140 patients admitted to hospital, but data on characteristics only provided for 120 patients.

^†Estimated from overall sample (numbers not reported in original study).

^‡Characteristics provided for the 60 patients who were readmitted to hospital.