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. 2022 Feb 23;13:815046. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.815046

Figure 3.

Figure 3

IL-1α and IL-1β linked to lower IP and improved neonatal factors. Boxplots of the cytokine levels: (A-D, I) IL-1β, (E–H) IL-1α, (J) IL-16, (K) IL-10, (L, O) IL-12p40, (M) GM-CSF, (N) IL-12p70, (P) IL-7 between different categories. Plotted are interquartile ranges (IQRs, boxes), medians (line in box), and mean (red diamond). Significance value was calculated using Wilcoxon rank sum test using ggsignif R package (41). Asterisk denotes the level of significance. Threshold for early or late gestational age is 28 weeks, for low or high birth weight is 1,500 g, for longer or shorter abx exposure is 3 days during the first week after birth prior to IP measurement, for maternal breast milk feeding is 150-180 ml/kg of cumulative intake of MOM by 7-10 days of age, according to clinical convention and previously validation (35, 36). IP, intestinal permeability; GA, gestational age; BW, birth weight; MOM, mother’s own breast milk (MOM) cumulative volume use during the first week prior to IP measurement; SVD, spontaneous vaginal delivery; CS, cesarean section.