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. 2022 Feb 23;13:783506. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.783506

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

The effect of bilobalide on autophagy in ATDC5 chondrocytes induced by IL-1β. (A) Western blot analysis of mTOR, p-mTOR, LC3II, and p62 protein expression after treatment with 10 ng/ml IL-1β and different concentrations bilobalide for 24 h. (B) The effect of 60 μM bilobalide with different incubation periods in the presence of 10 ng/ml IL-1β on autophagy was determined through the LC3II protein using western blot. (C) The expression levels of certain autophagy-related genes (Atg genes) were evaluated using qPCR. (D,E) Chondrocytes were pretreated with 30 μM CQ. The protein levels of LC3II, p62, COX-2, and MMP13 were examined by Western blot. All data were presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). *p < .05 and **p < .01 compared to the control group; # p < .05 and ## p < .01 compared to the IL-1β group (Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, paired two-tailed Student’s t-test, and unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test).