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. 2022 Feb 23;13:783506. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.783506

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

The effect of bilobalide on the AMPK/SIRT1/mTOR signaling pathway in ATDC5 chondrocytes induced by IL-1β. (A,B) The fluorescence intensity of the Sitr1 protein was detected by immunofluorescence. (C,D) Western blot analysis of AMPK, p-AMPK, and SIRT1 protein expression after treating the cells with IL-1β and different concentrations bilobalide for 24 h (E,F) Western blot analysis of AMPK, p-AMPK, and SIRT1 protein expression after chondrocytes were pretreated with the AMPK inhibitor compound C and the SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527. (G,H) Western blot analysis of mTOR, p-mTOR,iNOS, COX-2, and MMP13 protein expression after the addition of compound C or EX-527. All data were presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). *p < .05 and **p < .01 compared to the control group; # p < .05 and ## p < .01 compared to the IL-1β group (Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, paired two-tailed Student’s t-test, and unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test).