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. 2022 Feb 23;13:783506. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.783506

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Copyright © 2022 Ma, Lv, Yu, Jia, Song, Xu, Li, Sheng, Wang, Zhang and Gao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bilobalide attenuates ACLT-induced PTOA in rats via AMPK/SIRT1/mTOR pathway. (A) Mechanical sensitivity. (B) Vocalizations evoked by extension of the knee. (C) Representative images of the knee joint stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and toluidine blue (TB) and OARSI scores after 6 weeks of treatment. Magnification ×10. (D–F) Western blot analysis of AMPK/SIRT1/mTOR pathway related proteins expression in rat cartilage. (G) The levels of ECM degradation biomarkers CTX-II, COMP, and C2C in the serum of rats after bilobalide intervention were determined using ELISA. All data were presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). *p < .05 and **p < .01 compared to the control group; ^# p < .05 and ^## p < .01 compared to the IL-1β group (Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and paired two-tailed Student’s t-test).