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. 2022 Feb 23;13:837001. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.837001

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Copyright © 2022 Bond, Calkin and Drew.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Overview of adipose-derived small extracellular vesicles in health and disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived and released from adipose tissues can modulate physiological processes in peripheral tissues. In healthy individuals, adipose EVs may play an important endocrine and paracrine role to maintain metabolic homeostasis through reciprocal communication with peripheral tissues and other cell types residing in adipose tissue depots. EVs shed from unhealthy adipose tissue, which often occurs in diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, can exacerbate or drive pathologies associated with disease complications. VAT, Visceral adipose tissue; EVs, Extracellular vesicle; ATM, Adipose tissue macrophage; WAT, White adipose tissue; BAT, Brown adipose tissue; APC, Adipocyte progenitor cell; ADSC, Adipose-derived stem cell; and T2D, Type 2 Diabetes. Figure created with BioRender.com.