Table 1.
Characteristics of participants with and without influenza detected on reference test (N=605).
| Demographics | Overall, n (%) | Influenza PCRa positive (n=87), n (%) | Influenza PCR negative (n=518), n (%) | P value | |
| Age (years) | |||||
|
|
5-12 | 29 (4.8) | 10 (13.8) | 19 (3.7) | .02 |
|
|
13-17 | 4 (0.7) | 1 (1.1) | 3 (0.6) | .02 |
|
|
18-24 | 54 (8.9) | 6 (6.9) | 48 (9.3) | .02 |
|
|
25-34 | 222 (36.8) | 23 (26.4) | 199 (38.4) | .02 |
|
|
35-44 | 159 (26.2) | 26 (29.9) | 133 (25.7) | .02 |
|
|
45-64 | 112 (18.5) | 18 (20.7) | 94 (18.1) | .02 |
|
|
≥65 | 12 (2) | 1 (1.1) | 11 (2.1) | .02 |
| Gender | |||||
|
|
Male | 217 (36) | 35 (40.2) | 182 (35.1) | .07 |
|
|
Female | 360 (59.4) | 47 (54) | 313 (60.4) | .07 |
|
|
Other | 4 (0.7) | 2 (2.3) | 2 (0.4) | .07 |
| Education | |||||
|
|
Less than high school | 3 (0.5) | 2 (2.3) | 1 (0.2) | .02 |
|
|
Graduated high school or GEDb | 15 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 15 (2.9) | .02 |
|
|
Some college | 55 (9.2) | 5 (5.7) | 50 (9.7) | .02 |
|
|
Bachelor’s degree | 234 (38.6) | 37 (42.5) | 197 (38) | .02 |
|
|
Advanced degree | 236 (38.9) | 28 (32.2) | 208 (40.2) | .02 |
| Racec | |||||
|
|
White | 430 (71) | 69 (79.3) | 361 (69.7) | .11 |
|
|
Black | 9 (1.5) | 3 (3.4) | 6 (1.2) | .25 |
|
|
Asian | 137 (22.8) | 10 (11.5) | 127 (24.5) | .01 |
|
|
AId, ANe, NHf, or PIg | 10 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 10 (1.9) | N/Ah |
|
|
Other | 21 (3.5) | 3 (3.4) | 18 (3.5) | .99 |
| Hispanic | 31 (5.1) | 2 (2.3) | 29 (5.6) | .31 | |
| Health insurancec | |||||
|
|
Public | 42 (6.9) | 4 (4.6) | 38 (7.3) | .48 |
|
|
Private | 519 (85.8) | 76 (87.4) | 443 (85.5) | .91 |
|
|
Other | 7 (1.2) | 1 (1.1) | 6 (1.2) | .99 |
|
|
No insurance | 11 (1.8) | 3 (3.4) | 8 (1.5) | .43 |
| Taken 2019-2020 influenza vaccination | 424 (70) | 62 (71.3) | 362 (69.9) | .78 | |
| Not a current smoker | 516 (85.3) | 71 (81.6) | 445 (85.9) | .44 | |
aPCR: polymerase chain reaction.
bGED: General Education Development.
cTotal values may exceed 100% as participants could select multiple responses.
dAI: American Indian.
eAN: Alaskan Native.
fNH: Native Hawaiian.
gPI: Pacific Islander.
hN/A: not applicable.