TABLE 4.
EV-stimulated inflammation inhibitors.
| No. | Name | Structure | Target | Inflammatory cytokines release inhibition (%) | References | ||||
|
|
|||||||||
| IL-6 | TNF-α | IL-1α | IL-1β | IL-8 | |||||
| 20 | Salbutamol |
|
Unknown | 46 | 99 | — | — | — | |
| Kim et al., 2018 | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| 21 | Nortriptyline |
|
Unknown | 48 | 95 | — | — | — | |
|
| |||||||||
| 22 | Ethyl pyruvate |
|
Caspase-11 NLRP3 |
— | — | 95 | 97 | — | Qiu et al., 2020 |
|
| |||||||||
| 23 | NAC |
|
Cysteine utilization | — | 73 | — | — | — | Volgers et al., 2017a |
|
| |||||||||
| 24 | Thymol |
|
NF-κB MAPKs |
50 | 67 | — | 67 | 64 | Kwon et al., 2018 |
|
| |||||||||
| 25 | ATRA |
|
TLR2 IκB NF-κB |
62 | 48 | — | — | — | Sinha et al., 2017 |
|
| |||||||||
| 26 | HMW HA |
|
CD44 | 53 | 24 | — | — | — | Liu et al., 2019 |
|
| |||||||||
| 27 | BUD |
|
Unknown | 83 | — | — | — | ||
| Volgers et al., 2017b | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| 28 | FLUT |
|
Unknown | 84 | — | — | — | ||
|
| |||||||||
| 29 | Astragalin |
|
NF-κB | 43 | — | — | — | 55 | |
| Kou et al., 2008 | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| 30 | MPPG |
|
NF-κB | 91 | — | — | — | 95 | |
|
| |||||||||
| 31 | Pep19-2.5 | Sequence: GCKKYRRFRWKFKGK FWFWG |
Inflammasomes/IL-1 axis | — | — | — | 35 | — | |
|
| |||||||||
| 32 | Polymyxin B |
|
Unknown | — | — | — | 75 | — | |
| Pfalzgraff et al., 2019 | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| 33 | TAK-242 |
|
TLR4 | — | — | — | 65 | — | |
— represents no experimental data.