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. 2022 Feb 23;13:835058. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835058

TABLE 4.

EV-stimulated inflammation inhibitors.

No. Name Structure Target Inflammatory cytokines release inhibition (%) References

IL-6 TNF-α IL-1α IL-1β IL-8
20 Salbutamol graphic file with name fmicb-13-835058-i020.jpg Unknown 46 99
Kim et al., 2018

21 Nortriptyline graphic file with name fmicb-13-835058-i021.jpg Unknown 48 95

22 Ethyl pyruvate graphic file with name fmicb-13-835058-i022.jpg Caspase-11
NLRP3
95 97 Qiu et al., 2020

23 NAC graphic file with name fmicb-13-835058-i023.jpg Cysteine utilization 73 Volgers et al., 2017a

24 Thymol graphic file with name fmicb-13-835058-i024.jpg NF-κB
MAPKs
50 67 67 64 Kwon et al., 2018

25 ATRA graphic file with name fmicb-13-835058-i025.jpg TLR2
IκB
NF-κB
62 48 Sinha et al., 2017

26 HMW HA graphic file with name fmicb-13-835058-i026.jpg CD44 53 24 Liu et al., 2019

27 BUD graphic file with name fmicb-13-835058-i027.jpg Unknown 83
Volgers et al., 2017b

28 FLUT graphic file with name fmicb-13-835058-i028.jpg Unknown 84

29 Astragalin graphic file with name fmicb-13-835058-i029.jpg NF-κB 43 55
Kou et al., 2008

30 MPPG graphic file with name fmicb-13-835058-i030.jpg NF-κB 91 95

31 Pep19-2.5 Sequence:
GCKKYRRFRWKFKGK
FWFWG
Inflammasomes/IL-1 axis 35

32 Polymyxin B graphic file with name fmicb-13-835058-i031.jpg Unknown 75
Pfalzgraff et al., 2019

33 TAK-242 graphic file with name fmicb-13-835058-i032.jpg TLR4 65

— represents no experimental data.