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. 2022 Mar 9;20:28. doi: 10.1186/s12964-022-00835-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — ucMSC-Evs suppress activation of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway in anti-Thy-induced rats and PDGF-treated cells. A expression of TGF-β1 and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in rat renal tissues examined by western blot analysis; B, C phos-Smad2/3-positive scores in rat renal tissues detected by IHC staining; D expression of TGF-β1 and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in rMCs examined by western blot analysis; E, F subcellular localization of Smad2/3 in rMCs determined by immunofluorescence staining. In animal models, n = 6 in each group. Each spot indicates a single rat. Data were expressed as mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments. Data were analyzed by one- two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. **p < 0.01 versus sham group or PBS group; ##p < 0.01 versus MsPGN + PBS or 0 μg/mL group