Table 3.
Subgroup analysis of the included papers for outcome new bone formation (NBF; SMD)
| Subgroup | Number of comparisons | Number of defects | Effect estimate SMD [95% CI] | Heterogeneity (I2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disease | ||||
| Health | 17 | 202 | 1.85 [0.95, 2.76] | 81% |
| Osteoporosis | 14 | 243 | 2.73[1.94, 3.52] | 71% |
| Animal | ||||
| Rat | 15 | 267 | 2.42 [1.62, 3.22] | 79% |
| Rabbit | 7 | 84 | 4.32 [1.78, 6.86] | 88% |
| Sheep | 7 | 74 | 0.85 [− 0.03, 1.72] | 52% |
| Material | ||||
| HA | 7 | 120 | 2.18 [1.19, 3.17] | 74% |
| β-TCP | 2 | 20 | 3.48 [1.99, 4.97] | Not applicable |
| CPC | 9 | 145 | 1.98 [0.85, 3.12] | 83% |
| CPP | 5 | 60 | 6.60 [4.09, 9.12] | 52% |
| Period | ||||
| 1 m | 6 | 95 | 1.68 [0.08, 3.29] | 86% |
| 2 m | 10 | 116 | 3.52 [2.35, 4.69] | 55% |
| 3 m | 2 | 44 | 1.10 [− 0.08, 2.29] | 74% |
| 4 m | 3 | 46 | 3.59 [2.54, 4.64] | 0% |
HA: hydroxyapatite; β-TCP: beta-tricalcium phosphate; CPC: Calcium phosphate cements; CPP: Calcium polyphosphate; m: month