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. 2022 Mar 9;20:123. doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01339-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — sEV-CUR exhibit enhanced chondro-protective effects in TBHP-induced chondrocytes. a Representative EdU staining fluorescence images of curcumin, sEV, or sEV-CUR treated chondrocytes, scale bar: 25 μm; b statistical evaluation of fluorescent positive rate after EdU staining (n = 3); c the chondrocyte proliferative ability in each group was detected and analyzed by CCK8 assay after 2 days treatment of curcumin, sEV, or sEV-CUR (n = 6); d, e relative mRNA expression of chondrocyte anabolism related markers aggrecan and collagen II (n = 3); f, g relative mRNA expression of chondrocyte catabolism related markers ADAMTS5 and MMP13 (n = 3); h, i relative mRNA expression of inflammatory related markers IL-1β and TNFα (n = 3). NS, not significant, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001