Table 1.
Summary of key lipidomic studies of parasitic worms
| Helminth species | Samples/developmental stages | Analytical platform/approach | Aim of study | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schistosoma mansoni | Male and female adults | MALDI MSI | Untargeted lipidomics | Ferreira et al. (2014b) |
| Eggs, miracidia and cercariae | MALDI MSI | Untargeted lipidomics | Ferreira et al. (2014a) | |
| Praziquantel treated male and female adults | MALDI MSI | Untargeted lipidomics | Ferreira et al. (2015) | |
| Tegumental surface membranes1 | HPLC-MS | Targeted lipidomics (glycerophospholipids) | Retra et al. (2015) | |
| Eggs, cercariae, adults as well as their excretory-secretory (ES) products | ESI(+) Q-TOF LC-MS/MS | Untargeted lipidomics | Giera et al. (2018) | |
| Eggs, cercariae, adults as well as their ES products | ESI(−) Q-Trap LC-MS/MS | Targeted lipidomics (eicosanoid and docosanoid) | Giera et al. (2018) | |
| Eggs, cercariae, adults as well as their ES products | GC–MS | Targeted lipidomics (fatty acid) | Giera et al. (2018) | |
| Eggs and miracidia | LC-MS | Targeted lipidomics (glycerophospholipids) | Bexkens et al. (2019) | |
| Cryosections of male and female adults | AP-SMALDI MSI | Untargeted lipidomics | Kadesch et al. (2019) | |
| Tegumental surface of male and female adults | AP-SMALDI MSI | Untargeted lipidomics | Kadesch et al. (2020) | |
| Heligmosomoides polygyrus | Extracellular vesicles (EVs) | UHPLC-MS/MS | Untargeted lipidomics | Simbari et al. (2016) |
| Ascaris suum | Female adult | UHPLC-MS/MS | Targeted lipidomics (steroids) | Ma et al. (2019a) |
| L3-egg, L3-lung, L4, male and female adults, as well as organ system from male and female adults | UHPLC-MS/MS | Untargeted lipidomics | Wang et al. (2020d) | |
| Haemonchus contortus | L3, L4, adults | UHPLC-MS/MS | Untargeted lipidomics | Wang et al. (2018) |
| L3 and L4 (dafachronic acid treated) | UHPLC-MS/MS | Untargeted lipidomics | Ma et al. (2020b) | |
| Organ system of female adults | UHPLC-MS/MS | Untargeted lipidomics | Wang et al. (2020c) | |
| Toxocara canis | Female adult | ESI(−) UHPLC-MS/MS | Targeted lipidomics (steroids) | Ma et al. (2019a) |
| Trichinella papuae | L1 (muscle-stage) | ESI(+/−) LC-MS/MS | Untargeted lipidomics | Mangmee et al. (2020) |
| Onchocerca volvulus | Male and female adults | Shotgun ESI Q-TOF MS/MS | Targeted lipidomics (glycerophospholipids) | Wewer et al. (2017) |
| Onchocerca ochengi | Male and female adults | Shotgun ESI Q-TOF MS/MS | Targeted lipidomics (glycerophospholipids) | Wewer et al. (2017) |
| Litomosoides sigmodontis | Male and female adults | Shotgun ESI Q-TOF MS/MS | Targeted lipidomics (glycerophospholipids) | Wewer et al. (2017) |
Abbreviations: L1, the first-stage larvae; L3-egg, the infective third-stage larvae, L3-lung, the third-stage larvae migrated to host lung tissue; L4, the fourth-stage larvae; female adult, the adult-stage female worm; male adult, the adult-stage male worm; MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation; MSI, mass spectrometry imaging; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; MS, mass spectrometry; ESI, electrospray ionisation; Q-TOF, quad time of flight; Q-Trap, Quadropule ion trap; GC, gas chromatography; LC, liquid chromatography; SMALDI, scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation; UHPLC, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography.