Table 1. Findings of the two large reviews and latest literature search.
LC: laparoscopic cholecystectomy, LCBD: laparoscopic cholecystectomy and bile duct exploration, OC: open cholecystectomy, OLT: orthoptic liver transplantation, ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
| Chong et al (2010) [5] | Pang et al (2019) [6] | Latest review | |
| Number cases (period) | N = 69 (1978-2007) | N = 64 (1997-2017) | N= 53 (2018-2021) |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 42 (60.9%) | 35 (54.6%) | 26 (49.1%) |
| Male | 26 (37.7%) | 26 (40.6%) | 26 (49.1%) |
| Not stated | 1 (1.4%) | 3 (4.7%) | 1 (1.8%) |
| Median age (yrs) | 60 (31-88) | 59.75 (31-93) | 65 (35 - 90) |
| Initial operation | |||
| LC | 47 (68.1%) | 43 (67.1%) | 37 (69.8%) |
| LCBD | Not stated | 15 (23.4%) | 11 (20.8%) |
| OC | 25 (36.2%) | 4 (6.2%) | 4 (7.5%) |
| OC+OLT | 1 (2.1%) | 1 (1.6%) | 0 (0%) |
| Not stated | Not stated | 1 (1.6%) | 1 (1.9%) |
| Duration from surgery to presentation | Median: 26 months | Median: 24 months | Median: 49 months |
| Mean: not reported | Mean: 55.4 months | Mean: 86.3 months | |
| Range: 11 days to 20 yrs | Range 1 day to 20 years | Range: 1 month to 35 yrs | |
| Symptoms reported | |||
| Pain | 58 (84.1%) | 46 (71.8%) | 41 (77.4%) |
| Jaundice | 53 (76.8%) | 30 (46.9%) | 25 (47.2%) |
| Fever | 22 (31.9%) | 19 (29.7%) | 21 (39.6%) |
| Nausea/vomiting | 18 (26.1%) | 18 (28.1%) | 7 (13.2%) |
| Chills | Not stated | 5 (7.8%) | 1 (1.9%) |
| Asymptomatic | Not stated | 12 (18.8%) | 9 (17.0%) |
| Admitting diagnosis | |||
| Obstructive jaundice | 26 (37.7%) | Not stated | 13 (24.5%) |
| Cholangitis | 19 (27.5%) | Not stated | 18 (33.9%) |
| Biliary colic | 13 (18.8%) | Not stated | 12 (22.6%) |
| Acute pancreatitis | 6 (8.7%) | Not stated | 1 (1.9%) |
| Incidental finding | 3 (4.3%) | Not stated | 9 (17.0%) |
| Abnormal liver profiles only | 2 (2.8%) | Not stated | 1 (1.9%) |
| Migrated lip on radiography | 1 (1.4%) | Not stated | Not stated |
| Location of clip migrations | |||
| Common bile duct | 69 (100%) | 49 (76.6%) | 53 (100%) |
| Duodenum | 0 (0%) | 4 (6.3%) | 0 (0%) |
| T-tube | 0 (0%) | 10 (15.6%) | 0 (0%) |
| Gallbladder remnant | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.6%) | 0 (0%) |
| Median number of migrated clips | 1 (range 1- 6) | 1 (range 1-4) | 1 (range 1-6) |
| Type of clips | |||
| Metal | Mostly metal | Not reported | 35 (66.0%) |
| Absorbable | Not reported | Not reported | 3 (5.7%) |
| Hem-o-Lok | Not reported | Not reported | 15 (28.3%) |
| Management | |||
| ERCP (Successful clearance) | 53 (77.0%) | 35 (54.7%) | 37 (69.8%) |
| ERCP (failed clearance needing surgery) | Not reported | 6 (9.4%) | 2 (3.8%) |
| Surgery | 14 (20.2%) | 13 (21.3%) | 7 (13.2%) |
| Choledochoscopic clearance | 14 (20.2%) | 12 (18.8%) | 1 (1.9%) |
| Others | 1 (1.4%) | 4 (6.4%) | 3 (5.7%) |