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. 2022 Feb 23;9:829511. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.829511

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Copyright © 2022 Fitzgerald, Hedman, Uduwela, Paszerbovics, Carroll, Neeman, Cawley, Brooker and McLeod.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Heat map displaying the log₂(FC) of the concentration (ng/mL) of 33 free steroids detected in GC-MS when treated with either WT PaS, PVFV PaS, LEF PaS or E. coli β-glucuronidase. The top 6 listed free steroids make up part of the steroid module in the athletes biological passport, all listed steroids are endogenously found in human urine. Adjusted p-values of p < 0.05 is denoted by “*”, and of p < 0.01 is denoted by “**”. Differential metabolite level analysis and the heat map was generated using R.