. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 9.

Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2021 Jul 7;152(Pt 2):106714. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106714

Table 1.

Participant Characteristics¹

	Overall	Cumulative	Vulnerability	Categories	P-value
	n = 775	low (n=176)	moderate (n=412)	high (n=187)
Population					< 0.0001
Affective Disorders	258 (33.29)	71 (40.34)^a	148 (35.92)^b	39 (20.86)^c
Opioid Use Dependent	260 (33.55)	12 (6.82)^a	130 (31.55)^b	118 (63.10)^c
Disadvantaged Women	257 (33.16)	93 (52.84)^a	134 (32.52)^b	30 (16.04)^c
Age (M ± SD)	35.59 ± 11.05	33.19 ± 9.12^a	35.25 ± 11.21^a	38.58 ± 11.73^b	< 0.0001
Gender (% Female)	551 (71.10)	138 (78.41)^a	296 (71.84)^a	117 (62.57)^b	0.004
Race/Ethnicity					0.74
Non-Latino White	630 (82.14)	148 (84.57)^a	329 (80.84)^a	153 (82.70)^a
Non-Latino Black	68 (8.87)	11 (6.29)^a	39 (9.58)^a	18 (9.73)^a
Latino	23 (3.00)	6 (3.43)^a	14 (3.44)^a	3 (1.62)^a
Non-Latino Other or >1 race	46 (6.00)	10 (5.71)^a	25 (6.14)^a	11 (5.95)^a
Education					< 0.0001
8th Grade or Less/Some High School	102 (13.16)	2 (1.14)^a	49 (11.89)^b	51 (27.27)^c
High School Graduate/Equivalent/Some college	570 (73.55)	132 (75.00)^a	310 (75.24)^b	128 (68.45)^c
2-Year Associate’s Degree	38 (4.90)	10 (5.68)^a	24 (5.83)^b	4 (2.14)^c
College Graduate/4-Year Degree/Graduate Degree	65 (8.39)	32 (18.18)^a	29 (7.04)^b	4 (2.14)^c
Marital Status					0.09
Married	112 (14.45)	29 (16.48)^a	66 (16.02)^a	17 (9.09)^b
Never married	461 (59.48)	107 (60.80)^a	243 (58.98)^a	111 (59.36)^b
Divorced or Separated/Widowed	202 (26.06)	40 (22.73)^a	103 (25.00)^a	59 (31.55)^b
Primary smoker of mentholated cigarettes	351 (45.29)	70 (39.77)^a	201 (48.79)^b	80 (42.78)^a,b	0.10
Cigarettes smoked per day (M ± SD)	17.79 ± 9.18	14.74 ± 6.78^a	17.39 ± 8.87^b	21.56 ± 10.49^c	< 0.0001
Urine Cotinine Level, ng/ml (M ± SD)	4929.35 ± 3771.79	4329.94 ± 3193.98^a	4958.97 ± 3823.61^a,b	5430.12 ± 4088.13^b	0.03
NMR (% with NMR >= 0.31)	526 (73.06)	115 (67.65)^a	279 (73.04)^a,b	132 (78.57)^b	0.07
Breath CO level (M ± SD)	18.02 ± 9.85	16.91 ± 8.98^a	17.69 ± 10.17^a	19.77 ± 9.74^b	0.002
Age started smoking regularly (M ± SD)	16.14 ± 3.97	16.73 ± 4.03^a	16.10 ± 3.63^a	15.66 ± 4.54^b	0.0002
Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence (M ± SD)	5.56 ± 2.35	4.72 ± 2.19^a	5.51 ± 2.35^b	6.45 ± 2.19^c	< 0.0001
Heaviness of Smoking Index (M ± SD)	3.49 ± 1.54	2.96 ± 1.40^a	3.42 ± 1.58^b	4.13 ± 1.36^c	< 0.0001
Used Other Tobacco Products, Last 30 days	117 (17.67)	24 (14.63)^a	63 (18.16)^a	30 (19.87)^a	0.45
Vulnerabilities
Substance use	260 (33.55)	12 (6.82)^a	130 (31.55)^b	118 (63.10)^c	< 0.0001
Affective disorder	394 (50.84)	83 (47.16)^a	203 (49.27)^a,b	108 (57.75)^b	0.09
Low education	408 (52.65)	25 (14.20)^a	221 (53.64)^b	162 (86.63)^c	< 0.0001
Unemployed	230 (29.72)	3 (1.70)^a	119 (28.95)^b	108 (57.75)^c	< 0.0001
Disabled	116 (14.99)	0 (0.00)^a	57 (13.87)^b	59 (31.55)^c	< 0.0001
Poverty	405 (53.29)	14 (8.14)^a	215 (53.48)^b	176 (94.62)^c	< 0.0001
Rural	145 (18.71)	15 (8.52)^a	84 (20.39)^b	46 (24.60)^b	0.0002

Unless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as number (percentage)

^a,b,c

Measures not sharing a superscript letter differed significantly in post-hoc testing

NOTE: results that do not share superscript letters are significantly different from each other