Table 1.
Participant Characteristics1
Overall | Cumulative | Vulnerability | Categories | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 775 | low (n=176) | moderate (n=412) | high (n=187) | ||
Population | < 0.0001 | ||||
Affective Disorders | 258 (33.29) | 71 (40.34)a | 148 (35.92)b | 39 (20.86)c | |
Opioid Use Dependent | 260 (33.55) | 12 (6.82)a | 130 (31.55)b | 118 (63.10)c | |
Disadvantaged Women | 257 (33.16) | 93 (52.84)a | 134 (32.52)b | 30 (16.04)c | |
Age (M ± SD) | 35.59 ± 11.05 | 33.19 ± 9.12a | 35.25 ± 11.21a | 38.58 ± 11.73b | < 0.0001 |
Gender (% Female) | 551 (71.10) | 138 (78.41)a | 296 (71.84)a | 117 (62.57)b | 0.004 |
Race/Ethnicity | 0.74 | ||||
Non-Latino White | 630 (82.14) | 148 (84.57)a | 329 (80.84)a | 153 (82.70)a | |
Non-Latino Black | 68 (8.87) | 11 (6.29)a | 39 (9.58)a | 18 (9.73)a | |
Latino | 23 (3.00) | 6 (3.43)a | 14 (3.44)a | 3 (1.62)a | |
Non-Latino Other or >1 race | 46 (6.00) | 10 (5.71)a | 25 (6.14)a | 11 (5.95)a | |
Education | < 0.0001 | ||||
8th Grade or Less/Some High School | 102 (13.16) | 2 (1.14)a | 49 (11.89)b | 51 (27.27)c | |
High School Graduate/Equivalent/Some college | 570 (73.55) | 132 (75.00)a | 310 (75.24)b | 128 (68.45)c | |
2-Year Associate’s Degree | 38 (4.90) | 10 (5.68)a | 24 (5.83)b | 4 (2.14)c | |
College Graduate/4-Year Degree/Graduate Degree | 65 (8.39) | 32 (18.18)a | 29 (7.04)b | 4 (2.14)c | |
Marital Status | 0.09 | ||||
Married | 112 (14.45) | 29 (16.48)a | 66 (16.02)a | 17 (9.09)b | |
Never married | 461 (59.48) | 107 (60.80)a | 243 (58.98)a | 111 (59.36)b | |
Divorced or Separated/Widowed | 202 (26.06) | 40 (22.73)a | 103 (25.00)a | 59 (31.55)b | |
Primary smoker of mentholated cigarettes | 351 (45.29) | 70 (39.77)a | 201 (48.79)b | 80 (42.78)a,b | 0.10 |
Cigarettes smoked per day (M ± SD) | 17.79 ± 9.18 | 14.74 ± 6.78a | 17.39 ± 8.87b | 21.56 ± 10.49c | < 0.0001 |
Urine Cotinine Level, ng/ml (M ± SD) | 4929.35 ± 3771.79 | 4329.94 ± 3193.98a | 4958.97 ± 3823.61a,b | 5430.12 ± 4088.13b | 0.03 |
NMR (% with NMR >= 0.31) | 526 (73.06) | 115 (67.65)a | 279 (73.04)a,b | 132 (78.57)b | 0.07 |
Breath CO level (M ± SD) | 18.02 ± 9.85 | 16.91 ± 8.98a | 17.69 ± 10.17a | 19.77 ± 9.74b | 0.002 |
Age started smoking regularly (M ± SD) | 16.14 ± 3.97 | 16.73 ± 4.03a | 16.10 ± 3.63a | 15.66 ± 4.54b | 0.0002 |
Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence (M ± SD) | 5.56 ± 2.35 | 4.72 ± 2.19a | 5.51 ± 2.35b | 6.45 ± 2.19c | < 0.0001 |
Heaviness of Smoking Index (M ± SD) | 3.49 ± 1.54 | 2.96 ± 1.40a | 3.42 ± 1.58b | 4.13 ± 1.36c | < 0.0001 |
Used Other Tobacco Products, Last 30 days | 117 (17.67) | 24 (14.63)a | 63 (18.16)a | 30 (19.87)a | 0.45 |
Vulnerabilities | |||||
Substance use | 260 (33.55) | 12 (6.82)a | 130 (31.55)b | 118 (63.10)c | < 0.0001 |
Affective disorder | 394 (50.84) | 83 (47.16)a | 203 (49.27)a,b | 108 (57.75)b | 0.09 |
Low education | 408 (52.65) | 25 (14.20)a | 221 (53.64)b | 162 (86.63)c | < 0.0001 |
Unemployed | 230 (29.72) | 3 (1.70)a | 119 (28.95)b | 108 (57.75)c | < 0.0001 |
Disabled | 116 (14.99) | 0 (0.00)a | 57 (13.87)b | 59 (31.55)c | < 0.0001 |
Poverty | 405 (53.29) | 14 (8.14)a | 215 (53.48)b | 176 (94.62)c | < 0.0001 |
Rural | 145 (18.71) | 15 (8.52)a | 84 (20.39)b | 46 (24.60)b | 0.0002 |
Unless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as number (percentage)
Measures not sharing a superscript letter differed significantly in post-hoc testing
NOTE: results that do not share superscript letters are significantly different from each other