Table 1.
Clinical Cohort Patient Characteristics
| Characteristics | Sepsis Cohort (n = 90,150) | ARF Cohort (n = 45,339) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean years (SD) | 73.6 (15.1) | 72.9 (14.7) |
| Male, n (%) | 46,994 (52.1) | 22,232 (49.0) |
| Race, n (%) | ||
| White | 54,732 (60.7) | 27,715 (61.1) |
| Black | 11,171 (12.4) | 6,807 (15.0) |
| Asian | 9,073 (10.1) | 4,169 (9.2) |
| Other* | 15,174 (16.8) | 6,648 (14.7) |
| Hispanic ethnicity, n (%) | 8,869 (9.8) | 3,662 (8.1) |
| Insurance, n (%) | ||
| Private | 70,939 (78.7) | 33,348 (73.6) |
| Medicare/Medicaid | 12,252 (13.6) | 7,563 (16.7) |
| Other/unknown | 6,959 (7.7) | 4,428 (9.8) |
| LAPS2 score,† mean (SD) | 130.2 (24.3) | 132.3 (25.7) |
| COPS2 score,‡ mean (SD) | 109.9 (61.4) | 114.8 (60.2) |
| ED LOS, median hours (IQR) | 5.8 (4.3–8.3) | 5.5 (3.9–8.0) |
| ED disposition decision, n (%) | ||
| Ward | 65,218 (72.3) | 26,941 (59.4) |
| Step-down unit | 6,476 (7.2) | 5,028 (11.1) |
| ICU | 18,456 (20.5) | 13,370 (29.5) |
| Hospital LOS, median days (IQR) | 3.9 (2.4-6.7) | 3.9 (2.2–5.8) |
| Discharge home, n (%) | 51,880 (57.6) | 26,240 (57.9) |
| Hospital mortality,§ n (%) | 15,465 (17.2) | 9,146 (20.2) |
Definition of abbreviations: ARF = acute respiratory failure; COPS2 = comorbidity point score v2; ED = emergency department; IQR = interquartile range; LAPS2 = laboratory-based acute physiology score v2; LOS = length of stay.
Includes Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Native American, self-reported race as “multiple” or “other,” or unknown.
LAPS2 possible range 0–414 and univariate relationship with hospital mortality: 0–49, 1.8%; 50–99, 4.7%; ⩾100, 17.3%. Inclusion criteria restricted patients to those without mechanical ventilation or vasopressors and with LAPS2 ⩾ 100 in the emergency department.
COPS2 possible range 0–1,014 and univariate relationship with hospital mortality: 0–64, 5.0%; ⩾65, 13.4%.
Defined as death or transition to hospice.