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. 2022 Mar 9;14(2):105–119. doi: 10.1007/s12560-022-09517-0

Table 2.

Effective nanomaterial (NMs) on facing respiratory viruses

Nanomaterial Measure (nm) Antiviral activity References
Polymeric NMs
Poly(lacticcoglycolic acid) (PLGA) 225.4 Bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus (BPI3V) Dhakal et al. (2017)
Swine influenza virus (H1N2)
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ- PGA) 100–200 Influenza (H1N1) Sivasankarapillai et al. (2020)
300–350 Influenza (H1N1)
Chitosan 300–350 Influenza (H1N1) Sivasankarapillai et al. (2020)
571.7 Swine influenza virus (H1N2)

N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide/

N-isopropylacrylamide (HPMA/NIPAM)

12–25 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Francica et al. (2016) and Sivasankarapillai et al. (2020)
Self-assembling NMs based on peptide and proteins
N nucleocapside protein of RSV 15 RSV Sivasankarapillai et al. (2020)
Ferritin 12.5 Influenza (H1N1)
Inorganic NMs
Gold 12 Influenza Sivasankarapillai et al. (2020)
Other NMs
VLP 80–120 Influenza (H3N2, H5N1, H1N1) Sivasankarapillai et al. (2020)
80–120 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Dilauroyl phosphatidyl choline (DLPC liposomes) 30–100 Influenza (H1N1)