Table 2. Description of individual’s socio-demographic and lifestyle factors for each wave of the UKHLS data (N = 349,748 surveys from 60,146 individuals).
| Wave1 (2009–2011) | Wave2 (2010–2012) | Wave3 (2011–2013) | Wave4 (2012–2014) | Wave5 (2013–2015) | Wave6 (2014–2016) | Wave7 (2015–2017) | Wave8 (2016–2018) | Wave9 (2017–2019) | Wave10 (2018–2019) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 31,258 | N = 39,858 | N = 38,632 | N = 37,315 | N = 35,190 | N = 36,349 | N = 35,572 | N = 34,348 | N = 31,741 | N = 29,485 | ||
| Gender | Male | 43.2% | 43.6% | 43.8% | 44.0% | 44.3% | 44.3% | 44.4% | 44.4% | 44.3% | 44.0% |
| Female | 56.8% | 56.4% | 56.2% | 56.0% | 55.7% | 55.7% | 55.6% | 55.6% | 55.7% | 56.0% | |
| Age | Young (<34) | 26.2% | 25.4% | 25.8% | 25.2% | 25.1% | 24.6% | 24.0% | 23.3% | 22.5% | 20.8% |
| Middle age (34–58) | 46.1% | 44.8% | 45.3% | 44.7% | 44.5% | 44.7% | 44.3% | 43.7% | 43.4% | 43.5% | |
| Old (>58) | 27.7% | 29.7% | 28.9% | 30.1% | 30.4% | 30.7% | 31.6% | 33.0% | 34.2% | 35.7% | |
| Ethnicity | British white | 81.4% | 82.5% | 81.8% | 81.8% | 82.0% | 76.6% | 76.5% | 76.9% | 78.2% | 79.1% |
| Other white | 4.1% | 4.8% | 4.7% | 4.6% | 4.4% | 5.6% | 5.5% | 5.4% | 5.3% | 5.1% | |
| Indian | 3.1% | 2.5% | 2.6% | 2.6% | 2.6% | 3.8% | 3.9% | 3.9% | 3.7% | 3.6% | |
| Pakistani/Bangladeshi | 3.5% | 2.7% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.1% | 4.6% | 4.7% | 4.8% | 4.6% | 4.5% | |
| Black/African/Caribbean | 4.0% | 3.0% | 3.4% | 3.3% | 3.3% | 4.3% | 4.4% | 4.0% | 3.6% | 3.3% | |
| Mixed ethnicities | 1.6% | 1.3% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 1.6% | 1.8% | 1.8% | 1.8% | 1.8% | 1.7% | |
| Other ethnicities | 2.3% | 3.1% | 3.1% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.3% | 3.2% | 3.1% | 2.8% | 2.8% | |
| Country of birth | Born in the UK | 86.3% | 67.7% | 67.0% | 68.0% | 68.6% | 66.3% | 66.7% | 67.1% | 68.2% | 68.4% |
| Not born in the UK | 13.7% | 10.5% | 10.5% | 10.5% | 10.3% | 14.3% | 14.3% | 13.9% | 12.6% | 12.0% | |
| No answer | 0.0% | 21.8% | 22.4% | 21.5% | 21.1% | 19.5% | 18.9% | 19.0% | 19.2% | 19.6% | |
| Marital status | Married | 53.2% | 53.6% | 52.7% | 52.1% | 51.7% | 52.9% | 52.8% | 53.2% | 53.8% | 55.2% |
| Living as a couple | 11.8% | 11.5% | 11.6% | 11.8% | 11.6% | 10.8% | 10.7% | 10.5% | 10.0% | 9.6% | |
| Widowed | 5.5% | 5.9% | 5.7% | 5.8% | 5.8% | 5.7% | 5.7% | 5.8% | 5.9% | 5.9% | |
| Divorced/separated | 9.1% | 8.4% | 8.5% | 8.6% | 8.5% | 8.1% | 8.0% | 7.9% | 7.9% | 8.1% | |
| Single never married | 20.4% | 20.6% | 21.7% | 21.5% | 22.2% | 22.2% | 22.6% | 22.5% | 22.1% | 20.8% | |
| No answer | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | |
| Educational qualification | University degree | 31.9% | 25.5% | 27.2% | 28.1% | 29.3% | 29.8% | 30.6% | 31.6% | 32.8% | 34.3% |
| High school degree | 32.9% | 25.7% | 26.2% | 26.5% | 26.7% | 26.2% | 26.4% | 26.7% | 27.0% | 26.9% | |
| Lower educational levels | 1.4% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 1.0% | |
| Other qualifications | 27.4% | 40.8% | 38.7% | 37.6% | 36.3% | 36.5% | 35.5% | 34.7% | 33.5% | 33.3% | |
| Still a student | 6.3% | 6.9% | 6.8% | 6.7% | 6.6% | 6.5% | 6.5% | 5.9% | 5.6% | 4.6% | |
| Occupation | Managers/Professionals/employers | 12.4% | 12.1% | 12.0% | 12.3% | 12.4% | 12.1% | 12.1% | 12.2% | 12.1% | 11.9% |
| Non manual workers | 27.5% | 27.1% | 27.6% | 27.3% | 28.0% | 27.5% | 27.7% | 27.1% | 26.8% | 26.5% | |
| Manual workers | 17.9% | 17.9% | 18.2% | 17.9% | 18.3% | 18.2% | 18.3% | 17.8% | 17.2% | 16.3% | |
| Not applicable: Student/ retired/Not working | 42.0% | 42.7% | 41.6% | 42.1% | 40.9% | 41.6% | 41.3% | 41.9% | 41.8% | 42.6% | |
| No answer | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.7% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 1.0% | 2.2% | 2.7% | |
| Perceived financial situation | living comfortably/doing alright | 59.9% | 62.3% | 62.0% | 64.5% | 66.3% | 70.8% | 72.4% | 73.1% | 71.7% | 71.6% |
| living difficultly | 40.0% | 37.6% | 37.9% | 35.4% | 33.6% | 29.0% | 27.5% | 26.7% | 28.1% | 28.2% | |
| no answer | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | |
| Cigarette smoking | non-smoker | 73.8% | 79.2% | 70.7% | 69.3% | 82.1% | 77.3% | 84.4% | 85.3% | 86.6% | 87.0% |
| smoker | 19.6% | 20.8% | 19.0% | 18.6% | 17.9% | 15.6% | 15.5% | 14.6% | 13.3% | 12.8% | |
| no answer | 6.6% | 0.1% | 10.4% | 12.1% | 0.0% | 7.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | |
| Nation | England | 83.1% | 75.6% | 75.8% | 76.1% | 76.9% | 78.7% | 78.7% | 78.7% | 78.2% | 78.3% |
| Wales | 5.0% | 7.8% | 7.9% | 7.8% | 7.5% | 6.6% | 6.4% | 6.5% | 6.6% | 6.5% | |
| Scotland | 7.4% | 9.5% | 9.5% | 9.3% | 9.5% | 8.5% | 8.6% | 8.5% | 8.7% | 8.8% | |
| Northern Ireland | 4.4% | 7.1% | 6.7% | 6.8% | 6.1% | 6.3% | 6.2% | 6.2% | 6.5% | 6.4% | |