Table 2. Participant preference and favorability rating* for self-collected saliva and anterior nasal swabs by location, reported demographics, symptoms and underlying medical history, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, August–October 2020.
| Preference | Ease/Comfort ratingb | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saliva | ANS | None | Saliva | ANS | ||||||
| Favorable | Unfavorable | Favorable | Unfavorable | |||||||
| Overall n = 1082 (100%)a | 525 (48.5) | 462 (42.7) | 49 (4.5) | 843 (80.4) | 205 (19.6) | 821 (77.2) | 242 (22.8) | |||
| Demographics | n (row %) | p-value | n (col %) | p-value | n (col %) | p-value | ||||
| Sex c | ||||||||||
| Male | 269 (50.3) | 234 (43.7) | 32 (6.0) | 0.15 | 438 (52.1) | 104 (50.7) | 0.72 | 432 (52.7) | 120 (49.8) | 0.42 |
| Female | 255 (51.2) | 226 (45.4) | 17 (3.4) | 402 (47.9) | 101 (49.3) | 387 (47.3) | 121 (50.2) | |||
| Age group, years | ||||||||||
| 18–29 | 82 (58.2) | 52 (36.9) | 7 (5.0) | 0.06 | 113 (13.4) | 30 (14.6) | 0.58 | 113 (13.8) | 31 (12.8) | 0.94 |
| 30–44 | 117 (54.2) | 95 (44.0) | 4 (1.9) | 181 (21.5) | 37 (18.0) | 171 (20.8) | 50 (20.7) | |||
| 45–59 | 184 (46.9) | 189 (48.2) | 19 (4.8) | 312 (37.0) | 84 (41.0) | 305 (37.1) | 95 (39.3) | |||
| 60+ | 142 (49.5) | 126 (43.9) | 19 (6.6) | 237 (28.1) | 54 (26.3) | 232 (28.3) | 66 (27.3) | |||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Black, non-Hispanic | 436 (51.6) | 368 (43.6) | 41 (4.9) | 0.15 | 694 (82.3) | 157 (76.6) | 0.18 | 668 (81.4) | 196 (81.0) | 0.92 |
| Hispanic/Latino | 36 (53.7) | 26 (38.8) | 5 (7.5) | 54 (6.4) | 16 (7.8) | 52 (6.3) | 18 (7.4) | |||
| Other/Refused/Unkd | 17 (36.2) | 29 (61.7) | 1 (2.1) | 39 (4.6) | 10 (4.9) | 39 (4.8) | 10 (4.1) | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 36 (46.8) | 39 (50.6) | 2 (2.6) | 56 (6.6) | 22 (10.7) | 62 (7.6) | 18 (7.4) | |||
| Symptoms | 0.69 | |||||||||
| None | 178 (49.2) | 162 (44.8) | 22 (6.1) | 0.23 | 316 (37.5) | 57 (27.8) | <0.01 | 292 (35.6) | 84 (34.7) | |
| Any symptom within 14 days | 41 (47.1) | 45(51.7) | 1 (1.1) | 73 (8.7) | 13 (6.3) | 70 (8.5) | 17 (7.0) | |||
| Any current symptom | 306 (52.1) | 255 (43.4) | 26 (4.4) | 454 (53.9) | 135 (65.9) | 459 (55.9) | 141 (58.3) | |||
| Nausea within 14 days | ||||||||||
| Yes | 125 (53.2) | 98 (41.7) | 12 (5.1) | 0.59 | 175 (20.8) | 60 (29.3) | <0.01 | 173 (21.1) | 67 (27.7) | 0.03 |
| No | 400 (49.9) | 364 (45.4) | 37 (4.6) | 668 (79.2) | 145 (70.7) | 648 (78.9) | 175 (72.3) | |||
| Cough within 14 days | ||||||||||
| Yes | 217 (51.5) | 186 (44.2) | 18 (4.3) | 0.80 | 324 (38.4) | 99 (48.3) | <0.01 | 320 (39.0) | 110 (45.5) | 0.07 |
| No | 308 (50.0) | 276 (44.9) | 31 (5.0) | 519 (61.6) | 106 (51.7) | 501 (61.0) | 132 (54.5) | |||
| Shortness of breath within 14 days | ||||||||||
| Yes | 224 (52.2) | 190 (44.3) | 15 (3.5) | 0.26 | 332 (39.4) | 101 (49.3) | <0.01 | 331 (40.3) | 109 (45.0) | 0.19 |
| No | 301 (49.6) | 272 (44.8) | 34 (5.6) | 511 (60.6) | 104 (50.7) | 490 (59.7) | 133 (55.0) | |||
| Medical history | ||||||||||
| Lung disease e | ||||||||||
| Yes | 136 (50.9) | 121 (45.3) | 10 (3.7) | 0.68 | 200 (23.7) | 68 (33.2) | <0.01 | 196 (23.9) | 76 (31.4) | 0.02 |
| No | 389 (50.6) | 341 (44.3) | 39 (5.1) | 643 (76.3) | 137 (66.8) | 625 (76.1) | 166 (68.6) | |||
| CKDf | ||||||||||
| Yes | 32 (45.7) | 37 (52.9) | 1 (1.4) | 0.20 | 53 (6.4) | 20 (9.9) | 0.08 | 58 (7.2) | 17 (7.1) | 0.97 |
| No | 489 (51.1) | 421 (44.0) | 47 (4.9) | 781 (93.6) | 183 (90.1) | 753 (92.8) | 223 (92.9) | |||
| Immunocompromisedg | ||||||||||
| Yes | 56 (64.4) | 29 (33.3) | 2 (2.3) | 0.03 | 66 (7.9) | 22 (11.1) | 0.15 | 63 (7.7) | 26 (11.0) | 0.11 |
| No | 464 (49.5) | 426 (45.5) | 47 (5.0) | 771 (92.1) | 177 (88.9) | 752 (92.3) | 210 (89.0) | |||
| Neurological d/oh, i | ||||||||||
| Yes | 42 (40.4) | 58 (55.8) | 4 (3.8) | 0.05 | 83 (9.9) | 22 (10.9) | 0.68 | 85 (10.4) | 22 (9.2) | 0.58 |
| No | 481 (52.0) | 399 (43.1) | 45 (4.9) | 754 (90.1) | 180 (89.1) | 730 (89.6) | 217 (90.8) | |||
| Dexterity Impairmentj | ||||||||||
| Yes | 7 (35.0) | 12 (60.0) | 1 (5.0) | 0.35 | 16 (1.9) | 5 (2.4) | 0.62 | 18 (2.2) | 3 (1.2) | 0.35 |
| No | 518 (51.0) | 450 (44.3) | 48 (4.7) | 827 (98.1) | 200 (97.6) | 803 (97.8) | 239 (98.8) | |||
| Location | ||||||||||
| Emergency Department (n = 866) | 420 (50.6) | 375 (45.2) | 35 (4.2) | 0.48 | 658 (78.1) | 180 (87.8) | <0.01 | 651 (79.3) | 198 (81.8) | 0.54 |
| Pre-op Screening Clinic (n = 201) | 100 (51.8) | 80 (41.5) | 13 (6.7) | 170 (20.2) | 25 (12.2) | 157 (19.1) | 42 (17.4) | |||
| Labor & Delivery (n = 15) | 5 (38.5) | 7 (53.8) | 1 (7.7) | 15 (1.8) | 0 | 13 (1.6) | 2 (0.8) | |||
Abbreviations: ANS = Anterior nasal swab; Unk = Unknown; COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD = Chronic kidney disease; D/o = disorder; Pre-op = Pre-operative.
a There was a total of 1,036 participants who indicated a preference (46 missing), 1,048 participants who rated saliva collection (34 missing), and 1,063 participants who rated ANS collection (19 missing).
b An unfavorable rating was defined as at least one negative rating by a participant from the categories of very uncomfortable/uncomfortable or very difficult/difficult.
c Sex data missing from 3 participants who indicated a preference, and 3 participants who provide a saliva and ANS favorability ratings.
d This category includes persons of all other races, those who did not provide race/ethnicity data, and those for whom race/ethnicity data are otherwise unavailable.
e Lung disease includes COPD/emphysema and asthma.
f CKD status missing from 9 participants who indicated a preference, 11 participants who provided a saliva favorability rating, and 2 participants who provided an ANS favorability rating.
g Immunocompromised status missing for 12 participants who indicated a preference, 6 participants who provided saliva and ANS favorability ratings.
h Neurological d/o was defined as any self-reported neurological disorder, including seizure d/o such as epilepsy, Alzheimer’s, dementia, traumatic brain injury, and stroke/CVA.
I Neurological status was missing from 7 participants who indicted a preference, 6 participants who provided a saliva favorability rating, and 3 participants who provided an ANS favorability rating.
j Medical conditions that may affect dexterity were defined as: Arthritis (including osteoarthritis and unspecified type), multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and carpal tunnel syndrome.