Table 1:
Clinical characteristics and perioperative parameters between patients with and without AC within 3 months after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer resection
| AC group (n = 320) | Non-AC group (n = 1902) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 61 (55–67) | 64 (56–71) | <0.001 |
| Female gender | 140 (43.8) | 937 (49.3) | 0.068 |
| Body mass index (kg/m²) | 23.8 (22.1–25.6) | 23.8 (21.8–25.8) | 0.972 |
| Current smoker | 105 (32.8) | 546 (28.7) | 0.135 |
| Background medical status | |||
| ASA physical status I/II/III | 100 (31.2)/214 (66.9)/6 (1.9) | 553 (29.1)/1252 (65.8)/97 (5.1) | 0.036 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 34 (10.6) | 281 (14.8) | 0.049 |
| Preoperative analgesic use | 13 (4.1) | 67 (3.5) | 0.631 |
| Preoperative strong opioid usea | 1 (0.3) | 3 (0.2) | 0.546 |
| Preoperative antipsychotics use | 3 (0.9) | 44 (2.3) | 0.114 |
| Preoperative chemotherapy | 7 (2.2) | 36 (1.9) | 0.723 |
| Preoperative radiotherapy | 3 (0.9) | 38 (2.0) | 0.192 |
| Postoperative radiotherapy | 63 (19.7) | 106 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| Previous other surgeries | 184 (57.5) | 1251 (65.8) | 0.004 |
| Pathological stage | |||
| T 1/2/3/4 | 90 (28.1)/194 (60.6)/34 (10.6)/2 (0.6) | 1300 (68.3)/551 (29.0)/46 (2.4)/5 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| N 0/1/2 | 160 (50.0)/71 (22.2)/89 (27.8) | 1843 (96.9)/39 (2.1)/20 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| M 0/1 | 300 (93.8)/20 (6.2) | 1888 (99.3)/14 (0.7) | <0.001 |
| Surgical characteristics | |||
| Operation year, 2007/2008/2009/2010/2011/ 2012/2013/2014/2015/2016 | 12 (3.8)/5 (1.6)/8 (2.5)/16 (5.0)/39 (12.2)/40 (12.5)/42 (13.1)/49 (15.3)/50 (15.6)/59 (18.4) | 33 (1.7)/39 (2.1)/65 (3.4)/95 (5.0)/201 (10.6)/270 (14.2)/237 (12.5)/292 (15.4)/329 (17.3)/341 (17.9) | 0.501 |
| Operation type | <0.001 | ||
| Pneumonectomy | 3 (0.9) | 1 (0.1) | |
| Lobectomy | 297 (92.8) | 1557 (81.9) | |
| Segmentectomy | 8 (2.5) | 189 (9.9) | |
| Wedge resection | 12 (3.8) | 155 (8.1) | |
| Operation time (min) | 145 (120–185) | 140 (115–170) | 0.005 |
| Type of anaesthesia | 0.971 | ||
| Inhalation agent | 65 (20.3) | 388 (20.4) | |
| Total intravenous anaesthesia | 255 (79.7) | 1514 (79.6) | |
| Type of PCA | 0.430 | ||
| Intravenous PCA | 273 (85.3) | 1553 (81.7) | |
| Epidural PCA | 44 (13.8) | 333 (17.5) | |
| Paravertebral PCA | 1 (0.3) | 5 (0.3) | |
| None | 2 (0.6) | 11 (0.6) | |
| Intraoperative analgesic techniques | 0.949 | ||
| Intercostal nerve blockade | 65 (20.3) | 389 (20.5) | |
| Percutaneous wound injection | 33 (10.3) | 207 (10.9) | |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 7.0 (6.0–10.0) | 7.0 (6.0–9.0) | 0.244 |
| NRS at first postoperative outpatient visit (0–10) | 2 (0–3) | 2 (0–3) | 0.730 |
The values are presented as the median (interquartile range) or n (%).
a
Hydrocodone, hydromorphone, morphine, oxycodone and transdermal fentanyl patch.
AC: adjuvant chemotherapy; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status classification; PCA: patient-controlled analgesia; NRS: numeric rating scale.