Figure 2.

Alpha and beta diversity of cases (n = 117) and control subjects (n = 48). Inverse Simpson index (A) and the observed taxa (B) index were used to calculate the alpha diversity community and richness within each individual microbiota sample. Data are presented as box plot overlaid by a dot plot with a line at the median. P values were calculated using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Beta diversity is depicted by unweighted (C) and weighted (D) UniFrac index in a PCoA representation. P values were calculated using permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). Abbreviation: PCoA, principal coordinates analysis.