Fig. 1. FKBP51 associates with amino acids and polyamine biosynthesis pathways.

(A) Analysis and regulation of significantly altered pathways of FKBP51 KO and WT cells. The f(x) axis shows the (median) log₂ fold change (FC) of all significantly altered metabolites of the indicated pathway, and the false discovery rate (FDR) (equals the −log₁₀–adjusted P value) is shown on the x axis. The size of the circles represents the amount of significantly changed metabolites in comparison to all metabolites of a particular pathway. tRNA, transfer RNA. (B) FKBP51 deletion increases metabolites of the polyamine pathway, the AMP/ATP ratio, and enhances levels of amino acids associated with mTOR signaling. Data in (B) are shown as means + SEM and were analyzed by a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a subsequent Bonferroni multiple comparison analysis. ala, alanine; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; arg, arginine; asp, asparagine; bio., biosynthesis; CoA, coenzyme A; cys, cysteine; dcSAM, decarboxylated S-adenosylmethione; gln, glutamine; glu, glutamic acid; gly, glycine; GSH, glutathione (reduced); his, histidine; ile, isoleucine; leu, leucine; LKB1, liver kinase B1; met, methionine; met., metabolism; MTA, 5′-methylthioadenosine; mTORC1, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; NAput, N-acetylputrescine; NAspd, N-acetylspermidine; NAspm, N- acetylspermine; orn, ornithine pro, proline; phe, phenylalanine; put, putrescine; SAM, S- adenosylmethionine; ser, serine; spd, spermidine; spm, spermine; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TSC2, tuberous sclerosis complex 2; thr, threonine; trp, tryptophan; tyr, tyrosine; val, valine. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.