Table 3:

Univariable and multivariable analysis for identifying independent risk factors for the presence of STAS

Variables		Univariable analysis			Multivariable analysis
		Odds ratio	95% CI	P-value	Odds ratio	95% CI	P-value
CT diameter
Total diameter		1.1	1.00–1.18	0.044
Consolidation	≥1.5 cm	6.8	2.38–19.39	<0.001	1.44	1.108–1.862	0.006
CT ratio (%)	≥85%	5.9	2.37–14.65	<0.001
Diameter
Invasive	≥1.5 cm	3.2	1.31–7.62	0.010
Invasive ratio	≥85%	6.9	2.20–21.47	0.001	1.11	1.024–1.212	0.012
Pathological features
Visceral pleural invasion	P2	9.7	1.03–90.41	0.047
Micropapillary pattern	Positive	11.3	4.51–28.22	0.000	6.09	1.826–20.284	0.003
Pathological stage	IA3	3.8	1.00–14.07	0.050

CI: confidence interval; CT: consolidative tumour; STAS: spread through air spaces.