Table 1.
Comparison of sociodemographic characteristics by transition pattern of SIa.
| Sociodemographic indexes at time 1 | Total, n (%) | LSNSb group | Group difference | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
No SI, n (%) | Improved SI, n (%) | Worsened SI, n (%) | Persistent SI, n (%) | χ2 (df) | P value | Cramer Vc | |||
| Overall | 7893 (100%) | 2296 (29.1) | 765 (9.7) | 964 (12.2) | 3868 (49.0) | N/Ad | N/A | N/A | ||||
| Sex | 71.62 (3) | <.001 | 0.095 | |||||||||
|
|
Male | 4201 (53.2) | 1061 (25.3) [–]e | 427 (10.2) | 503 (12.0) | 2210 (52.6) [+]f | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
|
|
Female | 3692 (46.8) | 1235 (33.5) [+] | 338 (9.2) | 461 (12.5) | 1658 (44.9) [–] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| Age (years) | 99.92 (6) | <.001 | 0.080 | |||||||||
|
|
18-39 | 1926 (24.4) | 620 (32.2) [+] | 189 (9.8) | 260 (13.5) [+] | 857 (44.5) [–] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
|
|
40-64 | 4714 (59.7) | 1213 (25.7) [–] | 437 (9.3) | 563 (11.9) | 2501 (53.1) [+] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
|
|
≥65 | 1253 (15.9) | 463 (37.0) [+] | 139 (11.1) | 141 (11.3) | 510 (40.7) [–] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| Occupation | 113.53 (12) | <.001 | 0.069 | |||||||||
|
|
Employed | 5384 (68.2) | 1501 (27.9) [–] | 521 (9.7) | 700 (13.0) [+] | 2662 (49.4) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
|
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Homemaker | 1236 (15.7) | 470 (38.0) [+] | 125 (10.1) | 133 (10.8) | 508 (41.1) [–] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
|
|
Student | 111 (1.4) | 53 (47.7) [+] | 11 (9.9) | 14 (12.6) | 33 (29.7) [–] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
|
|
Unemployed | 901 (11.4) | 207 (23.0) [–] | 83 (9.2) | 90 (10.0) [–] | 521 (57.8) [+] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
|
|
Other | 261 (3.3) | 65 (24.9) | 25 (9.6) | 27 (10.3) | 144 (55.2) [+] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| Marital status | 241.29 (3) | <.001 | 0.175 | |||||||||
|
|
Married | 5174 (65.6) | 1727 (33.4) [+] | 546 (10.6) [+] | 689 (13.3) [+] | 2212 (42.8) [–] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
|
|
Unmarried | 2719 (34.4) | 569 (20.9) [–] | 219 (8.1) [–] | 275 (10.1) [–] | 1656 (60.9) [+] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| Children | 313.05 (3) | <.001 | 0.199 | |||||||||
|
|
Yes | 4477 (56.7) | 1575 (35.2) [+] | 490 (10.9) [+] | 599 (13.4) [+] | 1813 (40.5) [–] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
|
|
No | 3416 (43.3) | 721 (21.1) [–] | 275 (8.1) [–] | 365 (10.7) [–] | 2055 (60.2) [+] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| Annual household income (JPY)g | 262.84 (12) | <.001 | 0.120 | |||||||||
|
|
<2.0 million | 438 (5.5) | 57 (13.0) [–] | 23 (5.3) [–] | 30 (6.8) [–] | 328 (74.9) [+] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
|
|
2.0-3.9 million | 1421 (18.0) | 319 (22.4) [–] | 127 (8.9) | 166 (11.7) | 809 (56.9) [+] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
|
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4.0-5.9 million | 1562 (19.8) | 431 (27.6) | 146 (9.3) | 198 (12.7) | 787 (50.4) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
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|
6.0-7.9 million | 1078 (13.7) | 326 (30.2) | 118 (10.9) | 145 (13.5) | 489 (45.4) [–] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
|
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≥8.0 million | 1613 (20.4) | 627 (38.9) [+] | 177 (11.0) [+] | 196 (12.2) | 613 (38.0) [–] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| Health care worker (self) | 7.58 (3) | .06 | 0.031 | |||||||||
|
|
Yes | 407 (5.2) | 133 (32.7) | 40 (9.8) | 60 (14.7) | 174 (42.8) [–] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
|
|
No | 7486 (94.8) | 2163 (28.9) | 725 (9.7) | 904 (12.1) | 3694 (49.3) [+] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| Health care worker (family) | 38.26 (3) | <.001 | 0.070 | |||||||||
|
|
Yes | 625 (7.9) | 243 (38.9) [+] | 61 (9.8) | 81 (13.0) | 240 (38.4) [–] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
|
|
No | 7268 (92.1) | 2053 (28.2) [–] | 704 (9.7) | 883 (12.1) | 3628 (49.9) [+] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| Treatment of current severe physical diseases | 3.93 (3) | .27 | 0.022 | |||||||||
|
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Yes | 378 (4.8) | 95 (25.1) | 39 (10.3) | 43 (11.4) | 201 (53.2) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
|
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No | 7515 (95.2) | 2201 (29.3) | 726 (9.7) | 921 (12.3) | 3667 (48.8) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| Treatment of previous severe physical diseases | 1.32 (3) | .72 | 0.013 | |||||||||
|
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Yes | 659 (8.3) | 183 (27.8) | 62 (9.4) | 77 (11.7) | 337 (51.1) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
|
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No | 7234 (91.7) | 2113 (29.2) | 703 (9.7) | 887 (12.3) | 3531 (48.8) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| Treatment of current psychological problems | 54.65 (3) | <.001 | 0.083 | |||||||||
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Yes | 431 (5.5) | 63 (14.6) [–] | 41 (9.5) | 50 (11.6) | 277 (64.3) [+] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
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No | 7462 (94.5) | 2233 (29.9) [+] | 724 (9.7) | 914 (12.2) | 3591 (48.1) [–] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
| Treatment of previous psychological problems | 61.71 (3) | <.001 | 0.088 | |||||||||
|
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Yes | 875 (11.1) | 167 (19.1) [–] | 89 (10.2) | 92 (10.5) | 527 (60.2) [+] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
|
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No | 7018 (88.9) | 2129 (30.3) [+] | 676 (9.6) | 872 (12.4) | 3341 (47.6) [–] | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||
aSI: social isolation.
bLSNS: Lubben Social Network Scale.
cCramer V: 0.100, small; 0.300, medium; 0.600, large.
dN/A: not applicable.
e[–]: adjusted residuals≤–1.96.
f[+]: adjusted residuals≥1.96.
gIn our data set, although 982 (12.4%) of 7893 participants did not provide any data regarding annual household income, there were no missing data for the other variables. The table does not include the “Unknown” classification of yearly household income (799/7893, 10.1%).