Figure 3.

Effects of solasonine on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and the expression of genes in tumor-related pathways in BC cells. (a) T24 and 5637 cells were treated with various concentrations of solasonine for 48 h, and the cell viability was evaluated by CCK8 assay. The doses of 50 and 80 μM solasonine were selected for T24 and 5637 cells in subsequent experiments, respectively. (b) CCK8 assay revealed that solasonine significantly reduced the proliferation of BC cells in a time-dependent manner. (c) Apoptosis assay and quantitation of apoptotic cells showed that solasonine significantly promoted apoptosis in BC cells. (d) Flow cytometric analysis showed that solasonine affected cell cycle progression. (e) Western blot showed changes of molecules in the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, EGFR and VEGFA protein expression in T24 and 5637 BC cells after solasonine treatment. Three independent experiments were conducted for each assay, and data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01, and ^∗∗∗P < 0.001 vs. the control group.