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. 2022 Mar 2;2022:2479626. doi: 10.1155/2022/2479626

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Proinflammatory cytokines expression of CD11 b/c microglia before and after inflammation-sensitized HI brain injury. A substantial upregulation immediately after inflammation-sensitized LPS compared to the vehicle group at TP1 was observed for all cytokines analyzed (3.5 h after i.p. LPS injection). (a) IL-1beta showed a remarkable upregulation at TP2, TP3, and TP5, with a slight decrease in the gene expression through TP4 and TP6. Only TP2, TP3, and TP5 showed a prevailing regulation of its expression in the group LPS/HI compared to the vehicle/HI. (b) IL-6 showed a similar upregulation pattern as IL-1beta with a slight increase after TP6, with a remarkable upregulation in the LPS/HI group compared to the vehicle/HI at TP2, TP3, and TP6. (c) IL-12 showed upregulation at TP2 and TP5 in the LPS/HI group compared to the vehicle/HI. (d) iNOS showed upregulation from TP2 to TP3 for vehicle/HI and LPS/HI groups. No changes in gene expression after TP5 were observed. (e) TNF-alpha showed a similar expression pattern as iNOS, with an increased at TP2, even for the LPS/HI compared to the vehicle/HI. No changes in the gene expression were found in the following TPs. Group sizes: vehicle n = 5, LPS n = 5, vehicle/HI n = 10, and LPS/HI n = 10 (microglia from the whole brains were pooled for vehicle or LPS, while 10 ipsilateral hemispheres were pooled for vehicle/HI or LPS/HI).