Table 1.

Comparison of gut microbiota between patients who have undergone cholecystectomy and healthy individuals.

	Country (Author & Year)	Sample size	Sequencing method	Changes of gut microbiota after cholecystectomy
1	Israel (Keren et al., 2015) (33)	20	16S rRNA	The diversity of microbiome is basically stable. Phylum Bacteroides↑ Family Bacteroides, Parabacteraceae↑
2	China (Wang et al., 2018) (34)	135	16S rRNA	The diversity of microbiome declined. Phylum Actinomycetes, Firmicutes↑ Bacteroides, Proteobacteria↓ Genus Bifidobacterium, Dallella, Anaerobic↑ Palapuella, Prevotella, Barnesella, Alternaria, Desulfovibrio↓
3	Korea (Yoon et al., 2019) (35)	108	16S rRNA	The diversity of microbiome declined. Phylum Firmicutes↑ Bacteroides↓ Species Broutella ovale, Veillonella parvula↑
4	China (Ren et al., 2020) (24)	104	16S rRNA	The diversity of microbiome increased. Phylum Bacteroides, Fusobacteria↑ Firmicutes, Actinomycetes↓ Genus Prevotella↑ Faecalibacterium↓ Species Bacteroides ovatus, Parabacteroides diundi, Fusobacterium proteus↑ Eubacterium rectale, Roseburia faecis, Bifidobacterium adolescentis↓
5	Germany (Frost et al., 2021) (36)	1968	16S rRNA	The diversity of microbiome declined. Genus Clostridium XIVa, Flavonoids, Clostridium difficile, Escherichia, Shigella↑ Faecalibacterium, Haemophilus↓