Table 3. Average annual cost and cost per patient retained at 12 months, by country and model, in USD.
| Country and model | Mean annual cost per
patient (SD or 95% CI where reported) |
Mean annual cost per
patient retained for 12 months (SD or 95% CI where reported) |
% difference
from SOC model (mean annual cost per patient) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lesotho (2018 USD) | |||
| Facility care with 3-month refills (SOC) | $122.28 (23.91) | $125.99 (24.64) | |
| Community ART groups with 3-month refills (CAG) | $114.20 (23.03) | $118.38 (23.87) | -6.6% |
| Community distribution points with 6-month
refills |
$112.58 (21.44) | $118.83 (22.63) | -7.9% |
| Malawi (2018 USD) * | |||
| Facility conventional care (SOC) | $86.50 (84.50-88.42) * | $96.15 | |
| Facility dispensing with 3-month refills | $86.00 (83.99-87.91) * | $94.87 | -0.6% |
| Facility dispensing with 6-month refills | $84.60 (82.62-86.54) * | $90.76 | -2.2% |
| Uganda (2018 USD) | |||
| Facility-based individual management (SOC) | $152.49 (72.04) | $173 | |
| Facility groups (pregnant/post-partum) | $141.29 (33.70) | $150 | -7.3% |
| Fast-track drug refills | $166.48 (82.51) | $185 | +9.2% |
| Client-led ART delivery (CAG) | $150.07 (54.94) | $167 | -1.5% |
| Community drug distribution points | $146.42 (59.52) | $159 | -3.9% |
| Zambia1 (2018 USD) | |||
| Facility conventional care (SOC) | $100.09 (61.59) | $124 | |
| Community adherence groups (CAG) ‡ | $116.25 (67.83) | $140 | +16.1% |
| Urban adherence groups ‡ | $147.01 (57.15) | $155 | +46.9% |
| Mobile ART services * | $122.46 (70.10) | $179 | +22.3% |
| Home ART delivery ‡ | $137.18 (57.02) | $173 | +37.1% |
| Zambia2 (2018 USD) * | |||
| Facility conventional care (SOC) | $132.00 (130.43-134.35) * | $177.00 | |
| Facility dispensing with 3-month refills | $134.00 (132.09-136.02) * | $162.87 | +1.5% |
| Facility dispensing with 6-month refills | $128.00 (125.64-129.57) * | $142.41 | -3.0% |
| Zimbabwe (2020 USD) | |||
| Facility dispensing with 3-month refills (SOC) | $187.04 (185.31-188.78) | $195.06 (194.11-195.99) | |
| Community ART groups with 3-month refills | $177.83 (176.19-179.46) | $182.81 (181.80-183.83) | -6.3% |
| Community ART groups with 6-month refills | $167.40 (165.44; 169.36) | $172.81 (171.30; 174.31) | -11.4% |
*Excludes cost of laboratory tests, for which the authors did not have data; one viral load test per year, as called for by national guidelines, would add approximately $19 to the mean annual cost per patient per year.
‡Table shows results from lower cost scenario reported by source publication.