Table 1.
Overall | SFCT Quintile Ranks | P* | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 50 eyes) | First (n = 10 eyes) | Second (n = 10 eyes) | Third (n = 10 eyes) | Fourth (n = 10 eyes) | Fifth (n = 10 eyes) | |||
Ocular | ||||||||
SFCT, µm | Mean (SD) | 288.3 (85.6) | 174.8 (36.7) | 239.5 (14.2) | 284.8 (15.3) | 331.3 (19.3) | 411.2 (44.1) | < 0.001 |
3D CVI (Whole Macula), % | Mean (SD) | 62.92 (1.57) | 63.41 (1.74) | 62.62 (1.54) | 62.30 (1.64) | 63.50 (1.65) | 62.78 (1.20) | 0.372 |
3D CVI (Superior), % | Mean (SD) | 62.75 (1.93) | 62.76 (2.26) | 62.41 (1.43) | 62.02 (2.20) | 63.78 (1.93) | 62.80 (1.66) | 0.343 |
3D CVI (Central), % | Mean (SD) | 63.35 (1.72) | 64.43 (1.76) | 63.02 (1.88) | 62.90 (1.66) | 63.63 (1.46) | 62.75 (1.55) | 0.166 |
3D CVI (Inferior), % | Mean (SD) | 62.66 (1.70) | 62.92 (2.11) | 62.45 (1.78) | 61.93 (1.58) | 63.16 (1.91) | 62.82 (0.96) | 0.542 |
2D CVI (Subfoveal), % | Mean (SD) | 63.53 (2.09) | 64.30 (2.01) | 63.83 (2.35) | 63.45 (2.13) | 63.19 (1.61) | 62.88 (2.37) | 0.607 |
SE, D | Mean (SD) | −0.7 (2.3) | −2.2 (3.3) | −0.3 (1.9) | −0.7 (2.4) | −0.8 (1.9) | 0.5 (0.9) | 0.119 |
AL, mm | Mean (SD) | 23.9 (1.1) | 24.6 (1.5) | 23.7 (1.1) | 23.8 (0.8) | 23.9 (1.3) | 23.5 (0.4) | 0.191 |
IOP, mmHg | Mean (SD) | 15.1 (3.4) | 15.2 (1.7) | 14.5 (3.8) | 16.2 (4.8) | 14.9 (3.7) | 14.8 (3.0) | 0.848 |
MOPP, mmHg | Mean (SD) | 52.3 (8.0) | 54.5 (5.6) | 54.8 (10.9) | 50.9 (8.4) | 49.3 (7.3) | 51.8 (7.0) | 0.493 |
Systemic | ||||||||
Age, years | Mean (SD) | 53.8 (7.5) | 58.7 (9.6) | 55.7 (7.1) | 51.4 (7.6) | 51.7 (5.2) | 51.3 (5.1) | 0.083 |
Gender | Male | 25 (50.0) | 7 (70.0) | 4 (40.0) | 3 (30.0) | 5 (50.0) | 6 (60.0) | 0.406 |
Female | 25 (50.0) | 3 (30.0) | 6 (60.0) | 7 (70.0) | 5 (50.0) | 4 (40.0) | ||
Ethnicity | Chinese | 32 (64.0) | 9 (90.0) | 7 (70.0) | 3 (30.0) | 7 (70.0) | 6 (60.0) | 0.190 |
Indian | 15 (30.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (30.0) | 7 (70.0) | 1 (10.0) | 4 (40.0) | ||
Malay | 3 (6.0) | 1 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Hypertension | No | 33 (66.0) | 4 (40.0) | 6 (60.0) | 7 (70.0) | 9 (90.0) | 7 (70.0) | 0.208 |
Yes | 17 (34.0) | 6 (60.0) | 4 (40.0) | 3 (30.0) | 1 (10.0) | 3 (30.0) | ||
Systolic BP, mmHg | Mean (SD) | 128.5 (19.2) | 132.3 (14.4) | 130.8 (22.0) | 131.6 (26.1) | 121.2 (17.0) | 126.5 (15.7) | 0.691 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg | Mean (SD) | 76.0 (10.8) | 79.3 (8.8) | 79.6 (15.4) | 73.1 (9.8) | 72.6 (9.9) | 75.5 (8.6) | 0.446 |
MAP, mmHg | Mean (SD) | 93.5 (12.6) | 97.0 (9.0) | 96.7 (16.9) | 92.6 (13.8) | 88.8 (11.8) | 92.5 (10.5) | 0.589 |
Anti-Hypertensive | No | 42 (84.0) | 6 (60.0) | 10 (100.0) | 9 (90.0) | 9 (90.0) | 8 (80.0) | 0.144 |
Yes | 8 (16.0) | 4 (40.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (10.0) | 1 (10.0) | 2 (20.0) | ||
Diabetes Mellitus | No | 46 (92.0) | 9 (90.0) | 10 (100.0) | 8 (80.0) | 9 (90.0) | 10 (100.0) | 0.433 |
Yes | 4 (8.0) | 1 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (20.0) | 1 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
HbA1c, % | Mean (SD) | 5.9 (1.0) | 6.2 (1.2) | 5.7 (0.3) | 5.8 (0.7) | 6.1 (1.6) | 5.7 (0.3) | 0.636 |
Blood Glucose, mmol/L | Mean (SD) | 6.1 (2.6) | 6.9 (4.6) | 5.2 (0.9) | 6.0 (1.4) | 6.4 (2.8) | 6.1 (2.0) | 0.705 |
Hyperlipidaemia | No | 35 (70.0) | 7 (70.0) | 8 (80.0) | 8 (80.0) | 6 (60.0) | 6 (60.0) | 0.753 |
Yes | 15 (30.0) | 3 (30.0) | 2 (20.0) | 2 (20.0) | 4 (40.0) | 4 (40.0) | ||
Total Cholesterol, mmol/L | Mean (SD) | 5.4 (0.8) | 5.1 (0.7) | 5.3 (0.4) | 5.5 (0.6) | 5.8 (0.9) | 5.6 (1.1) | 0.350 |
HDL, mmol/L | Mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.3) | 0.620 |
LDL, mmol/L | Mean (SD) | 3.5 (0.8) | 3.1 (0.5) | 3.4 (0.5) | 3.7 (0.7) | 3.7 (0.9) | 3.5 (1.1) | 0.369 |
BMI, kg/m2 | Mean (SD) | 24.0 (3.6) | 25.3 (2.9) | 23.3 (3.7) | 24.6 (4.0) | 22.7 (4.1) | 24.1 (3.2) | 0.520 |
Cardiovascular Disease | No | 48 (96.0) | 9 (90.0) | 10 (100.0) | 9 (90.0) | 10 (100.0) | 10 (100.0) | 0.537 |
Yes | 2 (4.0) | 1 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Chronic Kidney Disease | No | 49 (98.0) | 9 (90.0) | 10 (100.0) | 10 (100.0) | 10 (100.0) | 10 (100.0) | 0.395 |
Yes | 1 (2.0) | 1 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Smoker | Never/Past | 44 (88.0) | 9 (90.0) | 10 (100.0) | 10 (100.0) | 9 (90.0) | 6 (60.0) | 0.037 |
Current | 6 (12.0) | 1 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (10.0) | 4 (40.0) |
SFCT: subfoveal choroid thickness; SD: standard deviation; 3D: three-dimensional; CVI: choroidal vascularity index; 2D: two-dimensional; SE: spherical equivalent: D: diopter; AL: axial length; IOP: intraocular pressure; MOPP: mean ocular perfusion pressure; BP: blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; BMI: body mass index.
* Statistically significant associations (P < 0.05) are highlighted in bold.