Fig. 3. ⁸⁹Zr-VRC01 uptake is preferentially increased in gut tissue in participants with HIV compared with uninfected volunteers up to three days following injection.

a Representative coronal PET-MR images showing increased gut tracer uptake in participants with HIV on or off ART. First, gating was performed on coronal images across multiple bowel loops excluding obvious intraluminal stool signal which likely represented HIV non-specific ⁸⁹Zr-VRC01 excretion (b). rSUV values for sigmoid/descending colon wall (c) and anorectal tissue (d) were obtained by gating exclusively on multiple sections of bowel wall to exclude intraluminal signal. SUV standardized uptake value; rSUV blood pool-adjusted ⁸⁹Zr-VRC01 standardized uptake value (tissue to blood pool SUV ratio); P values <0.05 and <0.01 represented by * and **, respectively from two-sided non-parametric analyses (Mann–Whitney tests for analyses involving two groups and Kruskal–Wallis tests for analyses involving three groups). Mean and standard error bars are shown. Control N = 4 on day 0 and day 1, viremic case N = 4 and 3 on day 0 and day 1, respectively (^‡statistical analyses not performed on day 1 as one viremic participant missed this visit). Control and viremic and ART case N = 5 on day 3. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.