Table 4.

Comparison of EQ-5D utility scores among individuals with high CVD risk

Variables	Groups	n	The EQ-5D utility scores		Z/χ2	P
			$\overline{x}\pm s$	M (P25, P75)
Gender	Male	5885	0.94 ± 0.094	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)	− 7.571	< 0.001
	Female	7474	0.93 ± 0.098	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
Age	35–44	1394	0.95 ± 0.089	1.000 (0.875, 1.000)	39.774	< 0.001
	45–54	4133	0.93 ± 0.095	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
	55–64	5116	0.93 ± 0.097	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
	65–75	2716	0.93 ± 0.099	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
Ethnic group	Han	12,118	0.93 ± 0.096	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)	7.166	0.028
	Mongol	1211	0.94 ± 0.097	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
	Othera	30	0.94 ± 0.091	1.000 (0.874, 1.000)
Living environment	Rural	9535	0.94 ± 0.092	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)	13.491	< 0.001
	Urban	3824	0.92 ± 0.104	1.000 (0.783, 1.000)
Education level	Primary school	5906	0.93 ± 0.099	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)	14.997	0.001
	Middle or high school	5972	0.94 ± 0.093	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
	College	1481	0.94 ± 0.094	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
Marital status	Single	832	0.93 ± 0.097	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)	− 1.535	0.125
	Married	12,527	0.93 ± 0.096	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
Household income	≤ 50,000 (¥/year)	11,726	0.93 ± 0.097	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)	− 4.200	< 0.001
	> 50,000 (¥/year)	1633	0.94 ± 0.091	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
Medical insurance	No	1194	0.93 ± 0.100	1.000 (0.783, 1.000)	− 2.223	0.026
	Yes	12,165	0.94 ± 0.096	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
Drinking status	No	10,249	0.94 ± 0.096	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)	− 1.326	0.185
	Yes	3110	0.93 ± 0.096	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
Smoking status	Non-smoker	8964	0.93 ± 0.096	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)	2.256	0.324
	ex-smoker	1065	0.93 ± 0.096	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
	Current Smoker	3330	0.94 ± 0.096	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
BMI	Normal and thinnish	2874	0.93 ± 0.097	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)	0.893	0.640
	Overweight	5871	0.93 ± 0.097	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
	Obesity	4614	0.94 ± 0.095	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
Hypertension	No	1089	0.92 ± 0.100	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)	42.635	< 0.001
	Hypertension and controlled	145	0.91 ± 0.110	1.000 (0.783, 1.000)
	Hypertension but uncontrolled	12,125	0.94 ± 0.095	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
Diabetes	No	9734	0.94 ± 0.095	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)	7.553	0.023
	Diabetes and controlled	163	0.92 ± 0.106	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
	Diabetes but uncontrolled	3462	0.93 ± 0.098	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
Dyslipidemia	No	6231	0.94 ± 0.094	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)	32.084	< 0.001
	Dyslipidemia and controlled	187	0.93 ± 0.096	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)
	Dyslipidemia but uncontrolled	6941	0.93 ± 0.098	1.000 (0.869, 1.000)

CVD cardiovascular disease, BMI body mass index

^aThe other ethnic groups including Manchu, Korean, Oroqen, Ewenki, and so on